193
GLARNER,Fritz,TondoNo.21,48i/2(diameter).Illustration—Plate 3
"Apaintershouldneverspeakbecausewordsarenotthemeansathiscom-
mand....However,itispossibleforapainter,atcertainmomentsofhisdevelop-
menttoformulatesomeoftheproblemsheisfacinginthegrowthofhiswork.A
paintingcannotbeexplained.Wordscanonlystimulatetheactoflooking."Throughoutmysearchfortheestablishmentofessentialvalues,throughoutmy
struggletofreemypaintingfromthenaturalistic,Iwasimpelledlittlebylittleto
dematerializetheobject,eliminatingallthatappearedtomeassuperficiality,reduc-
ingittoanappearancenolongerspecific—toaform-symbol.Whenthemotivefor
theform-symbolcannolongerbeidentifiedbythespectator,adegreeofabstraction
hasbeenobtained.
"Toliberateform,itisnecessaryfortheform-symboltoloseitsparticularity
andbecomesimilartospace.Toliberateformitisnecessarytodeterminespace
sothattheirstructuresbecomeidentical.Whentheformareaandthespacearea
areofthesamestructure,anewaspectarisesinwhichpuremeanscanrevealtheir
intrinsicexpression.Thedifferentiationbetweenformandspacehastobeestablished
bycolor,proportion,oppositions,etc.Color,purecolor,nolongerassignedtodress
upaparticularform-symbolisfreetoactbyitsowntrueidentity.Itismybelief
thatthetruthwillmanifestitselfmoreclearlythroughthisnewcondition."—Fritz
Glarner,in"WhatAbstractArtMeanstoMe,"BulletinoftheMuseumofModern
Art(NewYork),Vol.XVIII,No. 3 (Spring,1951),p.10.
GlarnerwasborninZurich,Switzerland,in1899.HelivedinItalyfornearly
tenyears(1914-1923)andstudiedattheRoyalInstituteofFineArtsinNaples.
WorkandstudyinParisfollowed.HesettledpermanentlyintheUnitedStatesof
Americain 1936 andformedaclosefriendshipwiththeDutchpainterPietMondrian,
whowasinthiscountryin1940.GlarnerhaslecturedattheNewAnSchoolin
NewYork.
HisworkhasbeenexhibitedfrequentlyinParis,particularlyintheSalondes
Surindependantsthrough1934;inZurich(1936);andinseveralgroupexhibitions
inAmerica,aswellasinone-manshows.ItisrepresentedinthecollectionsofYale
University,NewHaven,Connecticut;thePhiladelphiaMuseumofArt;Museumof
ModernArt,NewYork;andtheBaltiinore(Maryland)MuseumofArt,aswellasin
privatecollectionshereandinEurope.GlarnerlivesinNewYorkCity.
GLASCO,Joseph,MaleHead, 68 x38. Illustration—Plate 5
BorninOklahomasometwenty-sevenyearsago;recentlycamebackfromavisit
to.Africa;livesinNewYorkCity.Alreadyrepresentedinthecollectionofthe
MuseumofModernArtinNewYork.
GORDON,Maxwell,Parade, 40 x30. Illustration—Plate 42
ForatellingstatementofMaxwellGordon'sfeelingsaboutthekindofthinghe
paints,seethecatalogueoftheUniversityofIllinoisExhibitionofContemporary
AmericanPaintingin1951.
HewasborninChicago,Illinois,September4,1910.Mostlyself-taughthimself,
nowheteachesothersinclassesinhisstudio.HewonFirstPrizeinoilsattheButler
ArtInstituteofYoungstown,Ohio,in1947;HonorableMentioninthecontemporary