Behavioral HealthResearch technology has changed dramatically over the past 50 years, and the
new technology has also been useful for increasing psychology’s contributions to
NASA. These changes are evident wherever we look, from questionnaire construc-
tion to data analysis. Today, miniaturization and computer technology enable psy-
chological assessments and evidence-based countermeasures that would have been
impossible in the 1960s.
Minimally intrusive techniques are particularly useful, and one of these is based on
nonintrusive computer monitoring of facial expression.^86 Another approach is mon-
itoring cognitive functioning through computer analysis of speech.^87 Encouraging
astronauts to monitor their own behavior reduces the threat that performance lapses
could lead to flight disqualification. This self-monitoring has been accomplished by
means of computers and personal digital assistants (PDAs) that are programmed to
measure several dimensions of cognitive functioning (attention, information pro-
cessing, and recall). Astronauts may use the results of these tests to gauge their own
preparedness to engage in a particular activity.^88
While we see evidence of an expanding role, our profession’s future in space-
flight is by no means assured. NASA’s resistance to psychology is by no means fully
overcome. NASA Administrators must still concern themselves with public rela-
tions. Project managers and engineers must still get on with their tasks within the
real constraints of cost and practicality. Astronauts remain sensitive to possible
threats to flight assignments and careers. The focusing events of Mir and the ISS
were less than two decades ago, and it is too early to tell if the new interest and
infrastructure can withstand the vagaries of funding variations or national and orga-
nizational politics.
- D. F. Dinges, R. L. Rider, J. Dorrian, E. L. McGlinchey, N. L. Rogers, Z. Cizman,
S. K. Goldenstein, C. Vogler, S. Venkartamarian, and D. N. Metaxas, “Optical Computer
Recognition of Facial Expressions Associated with Stress Induced by Performance Demands,”
Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine 76, no. 6, sect. II (June 2005): B172–182. - P. Lieberman, A. Morey, J. Hochstadt, M. Larson, and S. Mather, “Mount Everest: A
Space Analogue for Speech Monitoring of Cognitive Deficits and Stress,” Aviation, Space, and
Environmental Medicine 76, no. 6, sect. II (June 2005): B198–B207. - J. M. Shephard and S. M. Kosslyn, “The MiniCog Rapid Assessment Battery: A ‘Blood
Pressure Cuff ’ for the Mind,” Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine 76, no. 6, sect. II
(June 2005): B192–B197.