17 See H. Blackburn, Women’s suffrage: a record of the women’s suffrage movement in the British
Isles with biographical sketches of Miss Becker(London, Williams & Norgate, 1902) and
entry in E. Crawford, The women’s suffrage movement: a reference guide 1866–1928
(London, UCL Press, 1999), pp. 42–7.
18 E. Pankhurst, My own story, p. 9. O. Banks, Becoming a feminist: the social origins of ‘First
Wave’ feminism(Brighton, Wheatsheaf Books, 1986), p. 30, emphasises the importance of
childhood socialisation in aiding the development of feminist consciousness. Similarly P.
Levine, Feminist lives in Victorian England: private roles and public commitment(Oxford,
Basil Blackwell, 1990), pp. 15–16, while recognising that we are unable to rescue the full
quota of those ‘multiple historical strands which create and mould human action’
acknowledges the importance of radical family histories amongst Victorian feminist
women, a point also made in her earlier book, Victorian feminism 1850–1900(London,
Hutchinson, 1987), p. 21.
19 See Holton, Suffrage days, Chapter 1.
20 Interview with Mrs. Pankhurst, The Woman’s Herald, 7 February 1891, p. 241.
21 E. S. Pankhurst, Emmeline Pankhurst, p. 12; E. S. Pankhurst, TSM, p. 54.
22 Interview with Mrs. Pankhurst, 1891, p. 241.
23 E. S. Pankhurst, Emmeline Pankhurst, p. 13.
24 C. Pankhurst, Unshackled, p. 17; E. S. Pankhurst, Emmeline Pankhurst, p. 13.
25 C. Pankhurst, Unshackled, p. 17.
26 E. S. Pankhurst, Emmeline Pankhurst, p. 14.
27 R. West, Mrs. Pankhurst, in The post Victorians, with an introduction by The Very Rev.
W. R. Inge (London, Ivor Nicholson, 1933), p. 482. In contrast, Adela Pankhurst, The
philosophy of the suffragette movement, 1934, p. 6, suggests that Grandmother Goulden
was ‘a handsome, imperious woman, whose word was law to her husband and her sons’,
Adela Pankhurst Walsh Papers, National Library of Australia, Canberra.
28 C. Pankhurst, Unshackled, pp. 18–19.
29 For discussion of the issue of actresses and respectability in the Victorian theatre, see K.
Powell, Women and Victorian theatre(Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1997),
Chapter 3. John, Elizabeth Robins, p. 76, notes, ‘ the actress ... was set apart yet presumed
to be available, a woman in a public position who became off stage another private indi-
vidual, crossing from fantasy to reality’.
30 E. S. Pankhurst, Emmeline Pankhurst, p. 15. In contrast, Adela Pankhurst Walsh, The
philosophy of the suffragette movement, p. 6, claimed that her mother’s brothers were
‘the most sweet-natured men it is possible to imagine, and in their households the women
certainly struck the dominant note’, Pankhurst Walsh Papers.
31 Interview with Mrs. Pankhurst, 1891, p. 241.
32 E. S. Pankhurst, TSM, p. 55.
33 Dr. Pankhurst,Manchester faces and places, IV, 1893, p. 33; E. S. Pankhurst,TSM,p.6.
34 E. S. Pankhurst, Emmeline Pankhurst, pp. 17–18; D. Mitchell, Queen Christabel: a biography
of Christabel Pankhurst(London, MacDonald and Jane’s, 1977), p. 18. See also the entry
in Crawford, The women’s suffrage movement, pp. 514–15.
35 C. Pankhurst, Unshackled, p. 21
36 West, Mrs. Pankhurst, p. 482.
37 See T. W. G., In Bohemia, citizen Pankhurst, Manchester City News, 12 April 1913.
38 E. S. Pankhurst, TSM, pp. 42–5, 49–51; L. Holcombe, Wives and property: reform of the
married women’s property law in nineteenth-century England(Oxford, Martin Robertson,
1983), p. 128.
39 E. S. Pankhurst, TSM, p. 56.
40 C. Pankhurst, Unshackled, pp. 21–2.
41 Ibid., p. 18.
42 M. Lyndon Shanley, Feminism, marriage and the law in England, 1850–1895(New Jersey,
Princeton University Press, 1989), Chapter 2; Holcombe, Wives and property, Chapter 9.
NOTES