University of York, 1996; C. Eustance, Meanings of militancy: the ideas and practice of
political resistance in the Women’s Freedom League, 1907–14, in The women’s suffrage
movement, eds Joannou and Purvis, pp. 51–64, and H. Francis, ‘Dare to be free!’: the
Women’s Freedom League and its legacy, in Votes for women, eds Purvis and Holton, pp.
181–202.
7 EP to Miss Robins, 13 September 1907, Robins Papers, HRHRC.
8 Ibid., 19 September 1907.
9 Mitchell, The hard way up, p. 170.
10 Elizabeth W. Elmy to Dearest Friend, 11 and 15 September 1907, EWEP, British Library,
Add Ms 47,455, Vol. VII.
11 Billington-Greig, The difference in the women’s movement.
12 T. Billington-Greig, The militant suffrage movement emancipation in a hurry(London, Frank
Palmer, 1911), pp. 83–6.
13 E. Pankhurst, My own story, p. 59.
14 West, Mrs. Pankhurst, p. 500.
15 E. S. Pankhurst, TSM, pp. 264–5. This view is also upheld in Sylvia’s Emmeline Pankhurst,
p. 70, ‘having accepted the role of dictator, she [EP] played it resolutely. ... The W.S.P.U.
was now disciplined like an army; unquestioning obedience was demanded.’
16 E. S. Pankhurst, TSM, p. 266; Fulford, Votes for women, p. 167; Brendon, Mrs. Pankhurst,
p. 162; Liddington and Norris, One hand tied behind us, p. 208; Pugh, The march of the
women, pp. 176–80.
17 Pethick-Lawrence, Fate has been kind, pp. 75–6.
18 Jessie Kenney, Notes on Ethel Smyth, Mrs. Pankhurst and Christabel, Kenney Papers,
University of East Anglia, KP/5.
19 Interview with Jessie Kenney, 3 March 1964, DMC.
20 West, Mrs. Pankhurst, p. 479.
21 Cicely Hamilton, Life errant(London, Dent & Sons, 1935), p. 77.
22 West, Mrs. Pankhurst, p. 480.
23 Smyth, Female pipings, pp. 194–5.
24 Mary Stocks, My commonplace book(London, Peter Davies, 1970), p. 70.
25 E. S. Pankhurst, Emmeline Pankhurst, p. 72.
26 Smyth, Female pipings, p. 221.
27 EP to Mrs. Baines, 29 January 1907, Jennie Baines Papers, Fryer Library, University of
Queensland.
28 EP to Miss Phillips, 10 December 1907, Watt Collection.
29 E. S. Pankhurst, TSM, p. 272; Romero, E. Sylvia Pankhurst, p. 50; Benn, Keir Hardie, p.
234.
30 Ethel Smyth to My darling Em, 9 December 1913, Ethel Mary Smyth Letters, Walter
Clinton Jackson Library (hereafter WCJL), University of North Carolina Library, Green
Boro, North Carolina, USA.
31 E. S. Pankhurst, TSM, p. 272.
32 Interview with Grace Roe, 22 September 1965, DMC.
33 E. Pankhurst, My own story, pp. 92–3.
34 E. S. Pankhurst, TSM, p. 273.
35 VfW Supplement, 20 February 1908, p. lxviii.
36 E. Pankhurst, My own story, p. 96. Barker, Mrs. Pankhurst, p. 209, refers to this meeting in
the following condemnatory terms, ‘She [Mrs. Pankhurst] had become a daemoniac, and
the frenzy flowed out of her into others.’
37 Frances Rowe to Mrs. McIlquham, 5 January 1908, WL.
38 VfW Supplement, 20 February 1908, p. lxxviii.
39 Evening Standard & St. James’s Gazette, 12 February 1908; VfW Supplement, 20 February
1908, p. lxxvii.
40 E. Pankhurst, My own story, p. 98.
NOTES