51 E. S. Pankhurst, TSM, p. 323.
52 EP to Miss Robins, 31 December 1909, Robins Papers, HRHRC.
53 E. S. Pankhurst, TSM, p. 324.
54 Quoted in Crawford, The women’s suffrage movement, p. 506.
55 Romero, E. Sylvia Pankhurst, p. 51.
56 E. S. Pankhurst, Emmeline Pankhurst, p. 94; E. S. Pankhurst, TSM, p. 324.
57 Sharp, Emmeline Pankhurst, p. 516.
58 U. Dugdale, Memories of Mrs. Pankhurst, n.d., Author’s Collection.
59 Rosen, Rise up women!, p. 130.
60 C. Pankhurst, Unshackled, p. 153.
61 VfW, 7 January 1910, p. 225.
62 Lytton and Warton, Prisons and prisoners, p. 235; VfW, 28 January 1910, p. 276; The
Timesand Daily Telegraph, 26 January 1910.
63 EP to Miss Robins, 3 February 1910, Robins Papers, HRHRC.
64 Ibid., 6 February 1910.
65 VfW, 11 February 1909, p. 314.
66 Rosen, Rise up women!, p. 134.
67 Entry for 14 April 1910, Nevinson Diaries.
68 VfW, 30 December 1910, p. 207; Sylvia Pankhurst to Mrs. Norah Walshe, 18 October
1928, DMC.
69 Coleman, Adela Pankhurst, p. 47.
70 Dobbie, A nest of suffragettes, pp. 40–1 and 62.
71 Thorpe and Marsh, Diary reveals lesbian love trysts.
72 The difficulties of defining ‘lesbianism’ are highlighted in the following. The Lesbian
History Group,Not a passing phase: reclaiming lesbians in history 1840–1985(London, The
Women’s Press, 1989), p. 15, asks, ‘Do we define “lesbian” as only applying to women
who had genital connection with each other? Or only to women who prioritised their
love for women and made it central to their existence, refusing to organise their lives
around men as society demanded?’ Writers in this important book answer these ques-
tions differently. E. Hamer,Britannia’s glory: a history of twentieth-century lesbians(London
and New York, Cassell, 1996), p. 3, suggests, ‘If a relationship looks like that of lovers, it
usually is that of lovers. Lesbians are women who love women and this love of women is
visible in how they have chosen to live their lives.’ Hammer includes (p. 23) amongst
what she sees as ‘the large number of lesbians’ in the militant suffrage movement Mary
Allen, Rachel Barrett, Eva Gore-Booth, Vera Holme, Evelina Haverfield and
Christopher St. John.
73 A. Oram and A. Turnbull, The lesbian history sourcebook: love and sex between women in
Britain from 1780 to 1970(London and New York, Routledge, 2001), p. 1. They
continue, pp. 1–2, ‘Our own working definition of “lesbian-like” cultures and behaviour
... ideally includes some evidence of eroticism, or sexual feeling in love relationships
between women, as important in the past.’
74 Pugh, The Pankhursts, p. 212.
75 Ibid., p. 213.
76 Ibid., p. 212.
77 VfW, 3 June 1910, p. 574.
78 Ibid., p. 574.
79 Morning Leader, 20 June 1910; see also the reports in The Times, Daily News, Daily
Chroniclefor that day and VfW, 24 June 1910, pp. 628–30.
80 VfW, 24 June 1910, p. 635.
81 VfW, 1 July 1910, p. 645.
82 EP to Miss Robins, 6 July 1910, Robins Papers, HRHRC.
83 E. Pankhurst, My own story, p. 176; VfW, 15 July 1910, p. 699.
84 VfW, 22 July 1910, pp. 711–14.
NOTES