31 Butler, Emmeline Pankhurst, p. 105.
32 Minneapolis Daily News, 30 March 1915.
33 VfW, 26 March 1915, p. 211.
34 EP to Nancy Astor, 26 March 1915, Astor Papers.
35 The Suffragette, 23 April 1915, p. 26.
36 Minneapolis Daily News, 30 March 1915.
37 Sunday Pictorial, 11 April 1915.
38 E. S. Pankhurst, The home front, pp. 149–51; Romero,E. Sylvia Pankhurst, pp. 113–14.
39 The Suffragette, 7 May 1915, p. 63.
40 Smyth, Female pipings, p. 242.
41 The Suffragette, 23 April 1915, p. 26; The Sketch, 23 March 1915.
42 F. Thebaud, The Great War and the triumph of sexual division, in A history of women:
towards a cultural identity in the twentieth century, ed. F. Thebaud (Massachusetts, Harvard
University Press, 1994), p. 63.
43 The Suffragette, 2 July 1915, p. 184.
44 G. Roe, Mrs. Pankhurst and the 1914–1918 crisis, Calling All Women (News Letter of the
Suffragette Fellowship), February 1969, p. 7.
45 The Suffragette, 2 July 1915, pp. 184–5.
46 Buckingham Palace to Lloyd George, 28 June 1915, LG Papers.
47 C. Pankhurst, Unshackled, p. 290.
48 EP to Mrs. Astor, 4 July 1915, Astor Papers.
49 Tickner, The spectacle of women, p. 231.
50 Mrs. Humphry Ward to Lord Cromer, 9 July 1915, PRO Foreign Office (FO), 633/24.
51 Tickner, The spectacle of women, p. 231.
52 EP to Dear Madam, 9 July 1915, Hugh Franklin–Elsie Duval Papers, WL.
53 The Suffragette, 9 and 16 July 1915, pp. 197 and 213, respectively.
54 Butler, Emmeline Pankhurst, p. 108.
55 The Observer, 18 July 1915; Daily Telegraph, 19 July 1915.
56 Daily Chronicle, 19 July 1915.
57 The Suffragette, 23 July 1915, p. 236.
58 New York Journal, 12 November 1915.
59 Daily Express, 19 July 1915.
60 E. S. Pankhurst, TSM, p. 597; Coleman, Adela Pankhurst, pp. 66–7.
61 See S. R. Grayzel, ‘The mothers of our soldiers’ children’: motherhood, immorality, and
the war baby scandal, 1914–18, in Maternal instincts: visions of motherhood and sexuality in
Britain, 1875–1925, eds C. Nelson and A. Sumner Holmes (Basingstoke, Macmillan,
1997), pp. 122–40.
62 EP to Nancy Astor, 10 May 1915, Astor Collection.
63 Smyth, Female pipings, pp. 237–8.
64 The Suffragette, 14 May 1915, p. 69.
65 Smyth, Female pipings, p. 237.
66 E. Katherine Willoughby Marshall, Suffragettes during the war, SFC.
67 The Women’s Social and Political Union leaflet, n.d. [c. 1915], photocopy in DMC.
68 EP to Elsie Duval, 14 July 1915, WL.
69 Benn, Keir Hardie, pp. 344–51; E. S. Pankhurst, The home front, pp. 228–9.
70 Britannia, 15 October 1915, p. 9.
71 EP to Lloyd George, 14 October 1915, LG Papers; F. Stevenson, Lloyd George: a diary
(London, Hutchinson, 1971), p. 64.
72 S. M. Gilbert, Soldier’s heart: literary men, literary women, and the Great War, in
Behind the lines: gender and the two world wars, eds M. R. Higonnet, J. Jenson, S. Michel
and M. C. Weitz (New Haven and London, Yale University Press, 1987), p. 223.
73 EP to Mrs. Badley, 4 October 1915, WL.
74 Pankhurst, The home front, p. 270; Britannia, 15 October 1915, p. 5.
NOTES