Eating Disorders 253not result in any observable changes. Bulimia is also associated with a range
of psychological and physical problems, although the mortality rate is lower
than for anorexia.
Many theories have been developed to describe the causes of eating
disorders, which vary in their emphasis. Physiological models focus on the
role of genetics, while a family systems approach, a cognitive behavioral
approach, a sociocultural model, and a significant events model place the
individual within their social context. For a family systems approach the
most important context is the family, whereas for other psychological
models the broader context consisting of social meanings and norms is also
relevant. To date there is no one comprehensive theory which can explain
the etiology of eating disorders. In particular, they have yet to satisfactorily
address why most sufferers are young women, and even when they do focus
on age and gender, they cannot explain why so few women become eating
disordered.
Towards an integrated model of diet
Choosing a healthy diet is made complex by the social meanings of
size and food which can result in weight concern. In particular, many
women are dissatisfied with their body size and shape, resulting in
dieting and subsequent episodes of overeating. Eating behavior is
related to several problems. This chapter has explored disordered
eating in the form of anorexia and bulimia. The treatment of these
problems is the focus of the next chapter.