Notes to Chapter 1Britanniae Regem Carolum II. Filium natu majorem, Heredem & Successorem legitimum.
Sumptibus Regiis (Leyden: Elzevier, 1649). On November 29, 1649 the council or-
dered careful searches of ships from Holland to confiscate the book.
67 Richelieu’s other two greats were Grotius and Bigonius. The Italian Bonifacius termed
Salmasius, “by the common consent of Scholars, the most learned of all who are now
living” (Masson, IV, 164).
68 Journal of the House of Commons, VI, 306–7. The wording provoked intense controversy.
A similar engagement had been required of members of the Council of State in Febru-
ary, 1649
69 Commons Journal, VI, 306–7, 317, 324, 342.
70 Gardiner, Commonwealth and Protectorate, I, 5
71 Dury argued in Considerations Concerning the Present Engagement (London, 1649, c. De-
cember 4) that “he to whom God hath committed the plenary administration of public
affairs with unconfrontable power, is God’s viceregent... either by vertue of a con-
tract, which makes a law, or by vertue of a conquest, which is bound to no law but the
will of the Conqueror” (p. 15). He was answered by The Humble Proposals of Sundry
Learned Divines (London, 1649, c. December 19), and replied on January 15, 1650 with
Just Re-proposals. Other tracts pro and con followed throughout the next several months.
72 Nedham, The Case of the Commonwealth of England, Stated (London, 1650, c. May 8), 15,
- On May 24 Nedham was voted a gift of £50 for services rendered and an annual
pension of £100 for future services, limited first to “[one] yeare by way of probation” (LR
II, 309) – a reasonable caution, given his penchant for changing sides. For the complex
appeals to Machiavellian force and persuasion in this debate, see Victoria Kahn, Machiavel-
lian Rhetoric from the Counter-Reformation to Milton (Princeton, NJ, 1994), 156–65.
73 For example, Lilburne, Overton, and Prince, Picture of the Councel of State (c. April 11,
1649, reprinted October, 1649); William Walwyn, The Fountaine of Slaunder (London,
1649, c. May 30); Lilburne, Walwyn, Overton, and Prince, An Agreement of the Free
People of England (London, 1649, c. May 1); and Lilburne, Legall Fundamentall Liberties
(London, 1649, c. June 8).
74 Important Digger tracts of 1650 include: Fire in the Bush, An Appeal to all Englishmen,
and A New Years Gift to the Parliament and the Army. See Winstanley’s Works, ed. George
Sabine (Ithaca, NY, 1941), and Thomas Corns, Uncloistered Virtue: English Political Lit-
erature, 1640–1660 (Oxford, 1992), 150–74.
75 For example, Abiezer Coppe, A Fiery Flying Roll and A Second Fiery Flying Roule (Lon-
don, 1649, c. January 4, 1650), and Lawrence Clarkson, A Single Eye All Light, No
Darkness (London, 1650, c. October 4). Also see Nigel Smith, Perfection Proclaimed (Ox-
ford, 1989).
76 Lines 81–2, 119–20, Andrew Marvell, Poems and Letters, ed. H. M. Margoliouth, revd
Pierre Legouis and E. E. Duncan Jones, 2 vols (Oxford, 1971), 91–4.
77 See chapter 7, p. 214 and n. 95.
78 Of Civil Power in Ecclesiastical Causes (1659), CPW VII, 246.
79 CPW I, 477, 505. The entries from 1650 and after, all in the hands of amanuenses,
include Machiavelli’s Discorsi sopra la Prima Deca de Tito Livio, in Opera; Berni, Orlando
Inamorato Rifatto; Boiardo, Orlando Inamorato; Rivetus, Praelectiones in Caput XX Exodi;
Augustine, De Civitate Dei; Dante, Purgatorio, in Dante con l’Expositione di M. Bernardino
Daniello; Nicetas Acominate, Imperii Graeci Historia; James Buchanan, Rerum Scoticarum
Notes to Chapter 8