28 Nicholas J. Wheeler, ‘To put oneself into the other fellow’s place: John Herz, the security
dilemma and the nuclear age’, International Relations, 22(4), 2008, pp. 499–500; Len Scott
and Nicholas J. Wheeler, ‘How the world came to the verge of nuclear war’,
WalesOnline.co.uk, 10 November 2008, available at: http://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/
welsh-politics/welsh-politics-news/2008/11/10/how-the-world-came-to-the-verge-of-
nuclear-war-91466-22220874/. For a counter-view see Vojtech Mastny, ‘How Able
Was “Able Archer”? Nuclear Trigger and Intelligence in Perspective’, Journal of Cold War
Studies, 11(1), 2009, pp. 108–23.
29 Sagan and Waltz, The Spread of Nuclear Weapons, pp. 46–88, 90–108, 156–84.
30 Sagan and Waltz, The Spread of Nuclear Weapons, pp. 109–24.
31 Sagan and Waltz, The Spread of Nuclear Weapons, p. 122.
32 Quoted in Craig, Glimmer of a New Leviathan, pxvii; see also p. 172 and Ken Booth and
Nicholas J. Wheeler, ‘Beyond nuclearism’, in Regina Cowan Karp (ed.), Security Without
Nuclear Weapons? Different Perspectives on Non Nuclear Security (Oxford: Oxford University
Press, 1992), p. 55.
33 For a brief discussion of the argument about probabilities seeking to ‘prove’ deterrence
failing, see Joseph S. Nye, ‘The long-term future of nuclear deterrence’, in Roman
Kolkowicz, (ed.), The Logic of Nuclear Terror (Boston: Allen & Unwin, 1987), p. 235.
34 The phrase was first coined by Albert Wohlstetter, Thomas Brown, Gregory Jones, David
McGarvey, Henry Rowen, Vincent Taylor and Roberta Wohlstetter in their Moving
Toward Life in a Nuclear Armed Crowd?, PH76-04-389-14, final report prepared for the
US Arms Control and Disarmament Agency in fulfilment of ACDA/PAB-263 (Los
Angeles, CA: PAN Heuristics, 4 December 1975; revised 22 April 1976), available at:
http://www.albertwohlstetter.com/archives/npec_releases_moving_toward_life_in_anuclear
armed_crowd_1975.html (accessed 3 September 2008).
35 Colin S. Gray, The Second Nuclear Age (London: Lynne Rienner, 1999), p. 31.
36 Craig, Glimmer of a New Leviathan, pp. 171–72, quote at 171.
37 Sagan, Waltz and Betts, ‘A nuclear Iran’, p. 146.
38 See Justin Alger, ‘A guide to global nuclear governance: safety, security and
nonproliferation’, Centre for International Governance Innovation, September 2008.
39 See Jonathan Schell, The Abolition (London: Picador, 1984); Michael J. Mazarr, ‘Virtual
nuclear arsenals’, Survival37 (3), 1995, pp. 7–26; Michael J. Mazarr, (ed.), Nuclear
Weapons in a Transformed World: The Challenge of Virtual Nuclear Arsenals(New York: St
Martin’s Press, 1997); Michael J. Mazarr, Virtual Nuclear Arsenals: A Second Look
(Washington, DC: CSIS, January 1999). For criticisms of this idea, see Booth and
Wheeler, ‘Beyond nuclearism’, pp. 36–40, Booth and Wheeler, The Security Dilemma, p.
208; Kenneth N. Waltz, ‘Thoughts about virtual nuclear arsenals’, Washington Quarterly,
Vol. 20 (3), 1997, pp. 153–161; Avener Cohen and Joesph F. Pialt, ‘Assessing virtual
nuclear arsenals’, Survival, 40 (1), 1998, pp. 129–44.
40 John Dunn, ‘Trust’, in Robert E. Goodin and Philip Pettit (eds), ACompanion to
Contemporary Political Philosophy (Oxford: Blackwell, 1993), p. 641.
41 John J. Mearsheimer, The Tragedy of Great Power Politics (New York: W.W. Norton,
2001), p. 32.
42 Barbara A. Misztal, Trust in Modern Societies (Cambridge: Polity, 1996), p. 21; Emanuel
Adler and Michael Barnett, ‘A framework for the study of security communities’, in
Emanuel Adler and Michael Barnett (eds), Security Communities (Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press, 1998), p. 46; Barnett and Adler, ‘Studying security communities in
theory, comparison, and history’, in Security Communities, p. 414; Christopher Berzins,
‘The puzzle of trust in international relations: risk and relationship management in the
organisation for security and cooperation in Europe’, PhD thesis, LSE, Spring 2004,
p. 35; Aaron M. Hoffman, Building Trust: Overcoming Suspicion in International Conflict
(New York: State University of New York Press, 2006), pp. 377–78; Guido Möllering,
Trust: Reason, Routine and Reflexivity (Oxford: Elsevier, 2006), pp. 7–9, 40.
43 Robert Jervis has been the most prominent thinker since Herbert Butterfield’s essay in
History and Human Relations in developing and elaborating the psychological dynamics
Beyond Waltz’s nuclear world 265