20 Hans J. Morgenthau, Politics among Nations: the Struggle for Power and Peace (New York:
Alfred A. Knopf, 1965, Third edition). From Chapter 28 onwards it begins to deal with
‘The World State’ and ‘The World Community’ – peace through ‘transformation’ and
then through ‘accommodation’. Already, in this edition, Morgenthau was complaining
(in the Preface) that he was being criticised for ideas he never held.
21 Waltz, Theory of International Politics, pp. 8–9.
22 Waltz, Theory of International Politics, p. 65.
23 See note 4.
24 The phrase was originally W.H. Auden’s, describing the 1930s: see Ken Booth, ‘The
Kosovo tragedy: epilogue to another “low and dishonest decade”’, Politikon, Vol. 27(1),
2000, pp. 5–18.
25 The general argument below is taken from Ken Booth, Theory of World Security
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007) pp. 21–27, 395–426, 427–70.
26 Ibid., pp. 395–426.
27 This was the title of the book by Michael Ignatieff, in which he recounted his discovery
of the continuing power of tribe and history as drivers in human society: Blood and
Belonging: Journeys into the New Nationalism (New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 1995).
28 The term ‘fine grain realism’ is Stephen Van Evera’s: see his Causes of War: Power and the
Roots of Conflict (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1999) pp. 1–13. On ‘elaborated
structural realism’, see various references by the contributors in Annette Freyberg-Inan,
Ewan Harrison, and Patrick James (eds) Rethinking Realism in International Relations:
Between Tradition and Innovation (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2009), esp.
pp. 4–8, 223–30, 255–57.
29 Gideon Rose, ‘Neoclassical Realism and theories of foreign policy’, World Politics,
Vol. 51 (1), 1998, pp. 144–72.
30 Waltz, Theory of International Politics, pp. 8–9.
31 Robert W. Cox, ‘Social forces, states and world orders: beyond International Relations
theory’, Millennium, Vol.10 (2), 1981, pp. 126–55.
32 Waltz, ‘Reflections’, p. 50.
33 On the temptations and perils of the word ‘is’ in the study of human affairs, see Philip
Allott, ‘Theory and Istopia’ in The Health of Nations: Society and Law beyond the State
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002), pp. 3–8.
34 This is an extrapolation of Harold Lasswell’s once well-known conception of politics:
Politics: Who Gets What, When, How (New York: Peter Smith, 1950).
35 This line was the title of a poem which became the title of a painting: see Booth, Theory
of World Security, pp. 427–70.
14 Realism redux