40 LaCitadeSancta
ings.^143 Private individuals commissioned ex-voto frescoes of diverse sizes,
shapes, and subjects to adorn the walls.
In the early 1200 s, private corporations and craft guilds established their
own churches, adding ‘‘intentional parishes’’ to the network of loosely geo-
graphical ones. In 1202 , Bishop Gerardo Ariosti of Bologna entrusted a foun-
dation stone to the consuls of the new merchants and money changers’
society for their new church of San Bartolomeo.^144 Communes themselves
added to the network. Siena provided funds to build a church at the baths
of Petriolo, contingent upon approval from their bishop, Fra Tommaso Bal-
zetti.^145 The place was becoming more populated and lacked pastoral
care—or perhaps the city fathers had found the baths a congenial place to
spend their Sundays and wanted a convenient place to go to Mass. The
coming of the mendicants triggered further building projects and yet more
new construction during the religious revivals they preached. In 1233 , for
example, Archdeacon Alberto of Reggio blessed the foundation stone of the
new church of San Giacomo, for which the citizens themselves provided
labor.^146 A sizable percentage of the new urban foundations in the late 1100 s
and early 1200 s were collegiate churches, staffed by communities of priests
and endowed. Bologna affords the example of the large church of Santa
Maria Maggiore, which stands to this day.^147 Bishop Girardo Scannabecchi
took a role in the foundation, and on 10 July 1187 he joined in the ceremonies
of the church’s consecration by Pope Gregory VIII.^148 The new collegiate
churches certainly relieved the pressure to erect new urban chapels and,
with such a large staff, lent their services a degree of solemnity lacking to
neighborhood chapels. As new foundations continued in the thirteenth cen-
tury, some consolidation of chapels occurred, such as that of the churches of
San Silvestro and Santa Tecla at Bologna in 1222.^149
The Padua tithe returns of 1297 list the clerics of each chapel, revealing
how urban churches were staffed. In the duomo quarter, the larger-than-
average chapel of Santa Lucia had two priests, Don Francesco (tithed at £ 5 )
and Don Corradino (£ 4 ). Assisting them had been two clerics, Antonio de’
Guizi and Zeno (£ 34 s.), but, unfortunately, Antonio had just died and no
replacement had appeared.^150 By contrast, in the nearby tiny chapel of
Sant’Agnese, assessed at £ 88 s. 16 d., the chaplain, Don Scalco, had to get
143 .In 1253 , the Societa`dei Quartieri installed two such benches in their church of Sant’Ambrogio:
Bol. Pop. Stat., 1 (Quartieri, 1256 ,c. 18 ), 1 : 300.
144. Ibid., 2 : 485 – 86. This church later become the seat of the smiths; see ibid., 2 (Ferratori, 1248 ,c.
43 ), 190.
145. Siena Stat.i( 1262 ), 3. 270 ,p. 358.
146 .Mem. Pot. Reg.( 1233 ), col. 1107.
147. See Francesco Bocchi, ‘‘Il necrologio della canonica di Santa Maria di Reno e di San Salvatore
di Bologna: Note su un testo quasi dimenticato,’’AMDSPPR,n.s., 24 ( 1973 ): 53 – 65 , on this church.
148 .CCB, 49 – 50.
149 .CCB:A, Vill. ( 1222 ), 85.
150. Rat. Dec. Ven. (Padua, 1297 ), 109.