This chapter deals with typical existing water supply and
sanitation project design and drawing, and the design
parameters with these projects. It is a basic requirement of all
designers/environmental health experts to know about the
details in an environmental health project drawings, for the
best orientation of the sanitary facilities.
A. Sanitation Projects
- Drains: the collection and disposal of sewage (wastewater
that usually includes excreta and that is, will be, or has
been carried in a sewer) is done through drains and
sewers. surface drains are made in different shaped
sections for easy flow of sewerage. Drains are provided
with a normal gradient to create a smooth gravitational
flow. The following shaped drains are commonly used, for
detail sections of these drains see figure 11.1-11.2. drains
are normally laid close to the boundary of a building or side
edges of a street or road, thus forming on stable edge for
the drain.