American Politics Today - Essentials (3rd Ed)

THE CONTEXT OF CIVIL RIGHTS| 391 The Context of Civil Rights We begin by examining the context of civil rights: we defi ne civi ...

392 CHAPTER 13|CIVIL RIGHTS the Constitution was ratifi ed. Indeed, equality and civil rights in the United States have been a ...

THE CONTEXT OF CIVIL RIGHTS| 393 ing slavery. It also held that slaves were property rather than citizens and had no legal righ ...

394 CHAPTER 13|CIVIL RIGHTS profi le and its racial politics, America’s “race problem” was no longer a southern problem. Altho ...

THE CONTEXT OF CIVIL RIGHTS| 395 Americans because of language barriers and because about one-third of Lati- nos are not U.S. c ...

396 CHAPTER 13|CIVIL RIGHTS Women and Civil Rights When John Adams attended the Constitutional Convention in 1787, his wife, A ...

available to most whites and blacks—remains. As noted, other racial and ethnic minorities have also faced exclusion and discrimi ...

PERCENTAGE OF PEOPLE IN POVERTY, 20 10 Together, these maps show that the poverty rate in the United States is closely related t ...

THE POLICY-MAKING PROCESS AND CIVIL RIGHTS| 399 Other indicators show similar patterns. For example, the rate of black, adult m ...

400 CHAPTER 13|CIVIL RIGHTS In terms of women’s rights, both the national and state governments have taken important actions. ...

THE POLICY-MAKING PROCESS AND CIVIL RIGHTS| 401 the ruling. As white school boards and local governments resisted integration, ...

402 CHAPTER 13|CIVIL RIGHTS created to coordinate the protests. The Greensboro Woolworth’s was integrated on July 26, 1961, bu ...

THE POLICY-MAKING PROCESS AND CIVIL RIGHTS| 403 2009 evolved into the “Tea Party” movement (evoking the Boston Tea Party of the ...

404 CHAPTER 13|CIVIL RIGHTS was not good enough. There were intangible aspects of the quality of law school, such as the schoo ...

THE POLICY-MAKING PROCESS AND CIVIL RIGHTS| 405 in an intentionally discriminatory way.^31 This rule encouraged “white fl ight” ...

406 CHAPTER 13|CIVIL RIGHTS numbers and confi guration permit. As a result, the legislative redistricting process now had to a ...

THE POLICY-MAKING PROCESS AND CIVIL RIGHTS| 407 The racial redistricting cases illustrate that the Supreme Court is increasingl ...

408 CHAPTER 13|CIVIL RIGHTS policy. The ruling stated that VMI violated the Fourteenth Amendment’s equal protection clause bec ...

If not, discrimination is illegal. STRICT CASES INVOLVING SCRUTINY TEST “SUSPECT CLASSIFICATION” (race, ethnicity, creed, or nat ...

410 CHAPTER 13|CIVIL RIGHTS based on gender or race under the Civil Rights Act.^46 Congress overturned this decision and resto ...