American Politics Today - Essentials (3rd Ed)

APPENDIX A19 Second. It is of great importance in a republic not only to guard the society against the oppression of its rulers, ...

A20 APPENDIX from both the legislature and the Executive. For I agree, that “there is no liberty, if the power of judging be not ...

APPENDIX A21 is binding upon themselves collectively, as well as individually; and no presumption, or even knowledge, of their s ...

...

A23 GLOSSARY activists People who dedicate their time, eff ort, and money to supporting a political party or particular candidat ...

A24 fi eld offi ces throughout the country. In general, these groups’ lobbying decisions are made at headquarters by the group l ...

A25 negotiations are used to reduce tensions between rival nations, such as between the United States and the Soviet Union durin ...

A26 fi scal federalism A form of federalism in which federal funds are allocated to the lower levels of government through trans ...

A27 International Monetary Fund (IMF) A nongovernmental organization established in 1944 to help stabilize the international mon ...

A28 National Security Council (NSC) Within the Executive Offi ce of the President, a committee that advises the president on mat ...

A29 a criminal case it often involves an admission of guilt in return for a reduced charge or sentence. pluralism The idea that ...

A30 red tape Excessive or unnecessarily complex regulations imposed by the bureaucracy. regressive Taxes that take a larger shar ...

A31 substantive representationWhen a mem- ber of Congress represents constituents’ interests and policy concerns. supply-side ec ...

...

A33 ENDNOTES CHAPTER 1 Thomas Hobbes, Leviathan (1651; repr. Indianapolis, IN: Bobbs, Merrill, 1958). Alexander Hamilton, James ...

A34 ENDNOTES Charles A. Beard, An Economic Interpretation of the Constitu- tion of the United States (New York: Macmillan, 1913 ...

ENDNOTES A35 have standing to sue the U.S. government. Supporters of this decision (and the practice more generally) say that it ...

A36 ENDNOTES Rosenberger v. University of Virginia, 515 U.S. 819 (1995). We will not cite all of the cases here. See Abraham an ...

ENDNOTES A37 c. Oral arguments in U.S. v. Jones (2012), November 8, 2011, www .supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcri ...

A38 ENDNOTES .people-press.org/report/523/economy-spending (accessed 11/4/09). Robert S. Erikson, Michael B. Mackuen, and James ...