A61INDEX
Page numbers in italics refer to illustrations.
Page numbers in boldface refer to
fi gures.
AARP, 232, 233, 233, 236, 240, 248, 428,
433–34
ABC, 146, 152
ABC News, 137
ABC radio network, 146
abolitionists, 166, 169, 392, 401
abortion, 101, 181, 300
legislation on, 11, 45, 117
lobbying eff orts in opposition to, 232
political parties diff ering views on, 168,
179, 180
political process and, 12, 118, 119
public opinion on, 11, 14, 16–17, 129, 129
Supreme Court and, 374, 379
Abramoff , Jack, 236, 236, 237
absentee ballots, 194
activists, 173, 173
Adams, Abigail, 396
Adams, John, 63, 295, 359, 396
advertising, 100, 103, 103, 263
campaign, 206–7, 207, 209, 212, 243, 245
in lobbying campaigns, 237
affi rmative action, 17, 129, 300, 355, 365, 367,
414, 416–18, 417
in education, 374
future of, 416–18
women’s rights and, 408
Aff ordable Care Act (ACA), 55–56, 55, 79,
356, 429
Afghanistan, 293, 302, 303, 476, 483, 484
G. W. Bush policy for, 304
war in, 11, 12, 16, 89, 138, 143, 149, 185,
217, 273, 310, 328, 467–68, 467, 480,
481, 489
African Americans, 296
civil rights of, 392–94, 393, 396–407,
400, 412, 415, 416–18, 419
in Congress, 258, 261
discrimination against, 95, 168
disenfranchisement of, 393
hate speech against, 100–101
party affi liation of, 168, 169, 174, 176
voting history of, 16, 16, 73, 76, 132, 334,
377, 393, 397
age:
political infl uence of, 134
poverty rates by, 451, 451, 452
age discrimination, 413
Age Discrimination in Employment Act
(1967), 77, 78
Agricultural Adjustment Administration
(AAA), 449
agriculture, 30, 67, 277, 278, 288
Agriculture Department, U.S., 336, 338
structure of, 335, 336
AIDS, 81
Aid to Families with Dependent Children
(AFDC), 432, 460
AIG, see American International Group
Air Force, U.S., 7, 407
Alabama, 105, 418
civil rights movement in, 405
Alabama v. Garrett, 77
Alaska, 183
Alden v. Maine, 77
Alexander v. Sandoval, 418
Alien and Sedition Acts (1798), 98
Alito, Samuel, 90, 93
Alito, Samuel, Jr., 370, 380
as conservative, 380, 381
O’Connor replaced by, 380
Allen, George, 149
Alliance for a New America, 245
alliances, in foreign policy, 485
Al Qaeda, 111, 293, 468, 471, 474, 474, 476, 484
American Cattlemen, 248American Civil
Liberties Union (ACLU), 241
American Conservation Union
Foundation, 246
American Federation of Labor and
Congress of Industrial
Organizations (AFL-CIO), 232
American Heritage Dictionary, 448
American Independent Party, 184
American International Group (AIG),
443, 445
American Israel Public Aff airs Committee
(AIPAC), 480
American Legion, 90
American Medical Association (AMA), 240
American National Election Study, see
National Election Study, AmericanAmerican Pork Federation, 248
American Recovery and Reinvestment Act
(2009), 439
Americans with Disabilities Act (1990), 73,
76, 76, 77, 78, 413–14
amicus curiae, 376
Amish, 92, 104, 106
Amnesty International, 481
anarchy, anarchists, 7, 8, 95
Andrade, Leandro, 116
animal sacrifi ce, 106
Annapolis Convention, 26–27, 27
Annual Economic Report of the President, 431
Anthony, Susan B., 400
Antifederalist Papers, 357
Antifederalists, 357, 391
Constitutional Convention role of, 30, 31,
32–33, 34
constitutional opposition by, 37, 92, 94
separation of powers and, 41, 61, 71
antiwar protests, 89, 89
appeals courts, 364–65
appellate jurisdiction, 358
appointments, judicial:
congressional power over, 40, 40, 41
executive power of, 40, 40, 41, 298–300,
359, 367, 368–72, 369
political importance of, 40, 42, 75,
298–300
to Supreme Court, 298, 300, 358
appointments, political, 341, 342
congressional power over, 41, 47
executive power of, 47, 298–300
in federal bureaucracy, 325
apportionment, 263–64
Arab Americans, 419
Arab-Israeli War, 473
Arab Spring, 474, 481
Argentina, 486
Argersinger v. Hamlin, 96
aristocracy, 6
Aristotle, 6
Arizona, 113, 389–90, 389, 419, 420
immigration law in, 355, 356
Arkansas, 78, 414
Arkansas River, 372
arms control agreements, 297
Army, U.S., 7