INDEX A63Iraq War and, 145, 474
judges appointed by, 370, 372
media and, 102
military tribunals and, 298
national supremacy and, 72, 73, 74
No Child Left Behind Act and, 297, 334,
433, 461
pardons granted by, 306
presidential succession and, 311
social policies of, 433, 450
in 2000 election, 182, 184, 200, 200
unilateral actions of, 317
veto used by, 305, 478
War on Terror and, 474
war powers and, 302
Bush Doctrine, 474
Bush v. Gore, 356
business:
procurement decisions and, 328
regulation of, 13, 13, 14, 59, 67, 75,
296, 326
small, 328
state laws and, 75, 83
business cycle, 439
Business-Industry Political Action
Committees (BIPAC), 233
busing, school desegregation and, 405, 410
butterfl y ballot, 196
Byrd, James, Jr., 399, 414
cabinet, 314, 314
cabinet departments:
number of employees in, 337, 338
see also specifi c departments
cable television, 146, 148, 150, 151, 151, 152
Cain, Herman, 192
Calhoun, John, 64
California, 62, 81, 109, 116, 193, 198, 394,
410–11
gold rush, 395
Proposition 187 in, 419
slavery in, 295, 392
California, University of (Davis), 418
Cambodia, 41
campaign advertising, 206–7, 207, 209, 212,
243, 245
campaign fi nance, 99–100, 179, 180, 207–12,
210, 243–46, 245
regulations on, 207–12, 208, 209, 211,
236, 244
campaign platforms, 204–5
Camp Dwyer, 483
Canada, 485, 486
cancer, 81, 328
Cantor, Eric, 272
Cantwell v. Connecticut, 96
Canyon Country Rural Alliance, 446
capital punishment, see death penalty
Carter, Jimmy, 202, 297, 316, 316, 474
approval ratings of, 309, 316
judges appointed by, 369
cartoons, political, 103
cases on appeal, 373
casework, 262, 288
Casey, Robert, 180
Castle, Mike, 183
Catastrophic Coverage Act, 428
categorical grants, 70, 71, 72
Catholicism, Catholics, party affi liation of,
167, 168
caucus (congressional), 171–72, 173
caucus elections, 177, 178, 196, 197, 205, 217
voter turnout in, 212, 217
CBS Broadcasting, 146, 152
CBS News, 396
Census, U.S., 17
of 1860, 392
Center for Responsive Politics (CRP),
229–30
Central America, 471, 485
Central American Free Trade Agreement
(CA FTA), 4 85
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), 306, 477
centralized groups, 232
cert pool, 375
challengers, 193
Chamber of Commerce, U.S., 238, 240
charities, 449, 449, 450
chat sessions, 149
Chavez, Cesar, 394, 395
checks and balances, 8, 24, 29, 31, 32, 37,
38–42, 48, 61, 79, 82
Supreme Court in, 358
Cheney, Dick, 306, 313
expanded vice presidential role of, 313
Chicago Tribune, 152
child labor, 67, 296
child molesters, 382
Child Online Protection Act (1997), 104
children:
in civil rights movement, 402
racial divide and, 399
China, 303, 480, 481, 482, 485
human rights in, 485
U.S. trading with, 478, 485
Chinese Americans, 395
Chinese Exclusion Act, 395
Chisholm v. Georgia, 61, 65
Chrysler, 288
Chu, Steven, 314
Churchill, Winston, 472
circuit courts, 358, 364–65
see also appeals courts
citizen groups, 232
Citizens Against Government Waste, 273
citizenship, 419
loss of, 116
Citizens United v. Federal Election
Commission, 100, 207–8, 209,
211, 245
City of Boerne v. Flores, 77
Civilian Conservation Corps, 449
civilian control, 476
civil liberties, 9, 90–119, 130
ambiguity of, 90
civil rights versus, 91, 91, 391
confl ict about, 91, 92, 107, 113
as Constitutional Convention issue, 37
federalism and, 65, 66, 83, 92–94
origins of, 92–96
public awareness of, 127
public opinion on, 92, 130, 140restriction of, 29
Supreme Court rulings on, 379–80
see also Bill of Rights, U.S.; specifi c
amendments and liberties
civil rights, 16, 66, 67, 72, 82, 83, 95, 101, 114,
130, 168, 169, 171, 389–420, 391, 420
affi rmative action and, 416–18
of African Americans, 392–94, 396–407,
400, 412, 415, 416–18, 420
of Asian Americans, 392, 395, 415, 416
civil liberties versus, 91, 91, 391
context of, 391–96
continuing and future issues in, 416–19
of the disabled, 392, 413–14, 413
of the elderly, 392, 413
executive arena and, 296, 414–15
of gays, 392, 399, 400, 402, 410–11,
414, 419
of gays and lesbians, 396
Great Society and, 334, 450
judicial arena and, 403–11
of Latinos, 392, 394–95, 406, 415
legislative arena and, 411–14
multicultural issues in, 418–19
of Native Americans, 391, 392, 394,
415, 416
policy-making process and, 399–415
racial divide today in, 396–99, 398
social movements for, 400–403,
400–401, 405
violations of, 420
of women, 391, 392, 396, 400, 402,
407–10, 412–13, 416
Civil Rights Act (1875), 66–67, 66
Civil Rights Act (1964), 73, 365, 367, 405, 410,
412, 416, 450
Title VII of, 410, 412, 418
Title VI of, 418
Civil Rights Act (1991), 412
civil rights movement, 394, 399, 400–403,
400, 405, 412
future of, 416
nonviolent protest in, 401–3
timeline for, 400–401
Civil Rights Restoration Act (1988), 410
civil servants, civil service, 325, 339–41
creation of, 332
number of employees in, 331
reductions in force (RIF) in, 340–41
regulations for, 339–41
Civil War, U.S., 36, 36, 64, 65–66, 65, 72, 76,
94, 166, 167, 287
bureaucracy transformed after, 332
eff ects of, 392, 393, 393
federal fi nancial support for veterans
of, 449
Lincoln’s setting of policy in, 295
Civil War Amendments, 95
Civil Works Administration, 449
”clash of civilizations,” 474
class, politics and, 14, 30
class action lawsuits, 362
see also lawsuits
classifi ed information, 102
Clayton Antitrust Act (1914), 296
Clean Air Act, 73