Archaeology Underwater: The NAS Guide to Principles and Practice

  - Recording Information On Site

  - Recording Timbers

  - Recording Contexts

  - Recording Stratigraphy

  - Recording Environmental Evidence

  - Recording Samples

  - Recording Survey Results

  - Recording Plans and Sections

  - Recording Photographic Results

  - Conservation Records

  - Identifying Archaeological Material

  - Tags and Labelling

  - Storing the Information

  - Computing Options and Issues

  - Geographical Information Systems

     - Supervising the System Explaining, Documenting, and

  - Further Information

• 9 Historical Research
  
  
  • Types of Evidence
  
  
  • Locating Primary Sources
  
  
  • The Internet
  
  
  • Methods of Research
  
  
  • Further Information
  
  
  
  


• 10 Photography
  
  
  • Photographic Theory
  
  
  • Digital Photography
  
  
  • Surface Photography
  
  
  • Photographing Finds
  
  
  • Underwater Photography
  
  
  • Underwater Photographic Techniques
  
  
  • Digital Darkroom
  
  
  • Mosaics – Photo or Video
  
  
  • Video Cameras
  
  
  • Video Technique
  
  
  • Video Editing
  
  
  • Further Information
  
  
  
  


• 11 Position-Fixing
  
  
  • Geographical Coordinates
  
  
  • Accuracy
  
  
  • Methods of Position-Fixing
  
  
  • Equipment
  
  
  • Further Information
  
  
  
  


• 12 Underwater Search Methods
  
  
  • Positioning
  
  
  • Coverage
  
  
  • Safety
  
  
  • Diver Search Methods
    
    
    • Surveys 13 Geophysical and Remote-Sensing
    
    
    • Positioning Search Patterns, Navigation and
    
    
    • Acoustic Systems
    
    
    • Bathymetric Survey
    
    
    • Echo-Sounders
    
    
    • Multibeam Swath Systems
    
    
    • Bottom-Classification Systems
    
    
    • Sidescan Sonar
    
    
    • Sub-Bottom Profiling
    
    
    • Magnetometry
    
    
    • Integrated Surveys
    
    
    • Submersibles: ROVs and AUVs
    
    
    • Aerial Photography
    
    
    • Further Information
    
    
    • 14 Underwater Survey
      
      
      • Types of Survey
      
      
      • An Initial Sketch
      
      
      • Planning
      
      
      • Setting Up a Baseline/Control Points
      
      
      • Installing Survey Points
      
      
      • The Principles of Survey
        
        
        • Drafting Film Survey Using Tape-Measures, Grids and
        
        
        
        
      
      
      • Vertical Control (Height/Depth)
      
      
      • Drawing/Planning Frames
      
      
      • Grid-Frames
        
        
        • up the Site-Plan Processing Measurements and Drawing
        
        
        • Survey Three-Dimensional Computer-Based
        
        
        
        
      
      
      • Acoustic Positioning Systems
      
      
      • Positioning the Site in the Real World
      
      
      • Further Information
      
      
      
      
    
    
    • 15 Destructive Investigative Techniques
      
      
      • Probing
      
      
      • Sampling
      
      
      • Excavation
      
      
      • Further Information
        
        
        • First-Aid for Finds 16 Archaeological Conservation and
        
        
        
        
      
      
      • Underwater Burial Environments
        
        
        • Excavation Deterioration Materials Degradation and Post-
        
        
        • After Recovery Principal Risks to Finds During and
        
        
        • for Underwater Finds Principles and Procedures for First-Aid
        
        
        
        
      
      
      
      
    
    
    
    
  
  
  • Lifting, Handling and Transportation CONTENTS vii
  
  
  • Approaches to Packing and Storage
  
  
  • Sampling and Analysis
  
  
  • Initial Cleaning
    
    
    • Treatment Solutions Holding and Pre-Conservation
    
    
    
    
  
  
  • Record-Keeping
  
  
  • X-Radiography and Facilities
  
  
  • Health and Safety
  
  
  • Insurance
  
  
  • Checklists
  
  
  • Further Information
  
  
  
  


• 17 Site Monitoring and Protection
  
  
  • Monitoring
  
  
  • Protection
  
  
  • Further Information
  
  
  
  


• 18 Archaeological Illustration
  
  
  • Basic Drawing Equipment
  
  
  • Drawing Archaeological Material
  
  
  • Recording ‘By Eye’
    
    
    • Surface Detail Recording Decoration and
    
    
    • Other Detail Recording Constructional and
    
    
    • Laser Scanning Post-Fieldwork Photography and
    
    
    • Information Presenting a Range of Complex
    
    
    
    
  
  
  • Further Information
  
  
  
  


• 19 Post-Fieldwork Analysis and Archiving
  
  
  • Records Handling Material and Keeping
  
  
  • Survey Work Post-Fieldwork Treatment of
  
  
  • Specialist Analysis
    
    
    • Evidence From Other Sources Interpretation and Gathering Supporting
    
    
    
    
  
  
  • Producing an Archaeological Archive
  
  
  • Further Information
    
    
    • Archaeological Work 20 Presenting, Publicizing and Publishing
    
    
    • and When) The Importance of Publicizing (Where
    
    
    • Identifying and Satisfying an Audience
    
    
    • Methods of Presentation
    
    
    • Writing Reports and Publications
      
      
      • Contribution A Significant Achievement and
      
      
      
      
    
    
    • Further Information
    
    
    • Appendix 1: Anchor Recording
      
      
      • Stone Anchors
      
      
      • Stock Anchors
      
      
      • Further Information
      
      
      
      
    
    
    • Appendix 2: Guns
      
      
      • The Importance of Sea-Bed Recording
      
      
      • Identification of Material
      
      
      • Classification by Methods of Loading
      
      
      • Classification by Shape
      
      
      • Inscriptions and Decoration
      
      
      • Projectiles, Charges and Tampions
      
      
      • Recording and Illustrating Guns
      
      
      • Further Information
      
      
      
      
    
    
    • Appendix 3: NAS Training Programme
      
      
      • Underwater Archaeology An Introduction to Foreshore and
      
      
      • Underwater Archaeology NAS Part I: Certificate in Foreshore and
      
      
      • Foreshore and Underwater Archaeology NAS Part II: Intermediate Certificate in
      
      
      • Foreshore and Underwater Archaeology NAS Part III: Advanced Certificate in
      
      
      • Underwater Archaeology NAS Part IV: Diploma in Foreshore and
      
      
      • Further Information
      
      
      
      
    
    
    • Glossary
    
    
    • References and Further Reading
    
    
    • Index