Lebensraum, 149
Lee, Everett, 228–29, 270–71
Legend, 216–17
Leonidas, 58
Leopold II, King, 186
Leopold III, King, 186
Lesser-developed countries (LDCs), 110–11.
See alsoDeveloping nations
Lidar, 285–86, 285t
Life expectancy, 93
Lightning, 341–42
Lingua franca, 154,205–6
Linguistic convergence area, 208–9
Linguistic geography,206–9, 208i; core and
periphery, 74; folk culture, 125;
globalization, 151; region, 280
Lithosphere, 310
Livestock farming, 77–78
Locale, 211
Local zoning, 42–43
Location,209–11; absolute, 209–10; Central
Place Theory, 53–54, 211; friction of
distance, 134–35; landscape, 197, 210; map
projections, 220; maps, 209, 217;
megalopolis, 223–24; migration, 228;
natural hazards, 237; natural resources, 210,
240; push-pull concept, 270; sectors of the
economy, 303; spatial interaction models,
319; toponymy, 344; von Thunen Model,
210, 355
Locational analysis, 17,211–12, 237, 275,
281, 355
Location theory, 210
London, gentrification, 140
London Straits Convention of 1841, 324
Longitude and latitude, 49,199–202
Los Angeles, 268
Losch, August, 211
Lo ̈ss, 366
Louisiana, 80
Low clouds, 66
Luxembourg, 330
Maasai people, 255
Maastricht Treaty, 329, 331
Machiavelli, Niccolo, 250
MacKinder, Halford J., 148–49, 169–70, 286–87
Madagascar, 278
Mahan, Alfred, 148, 286
Maine, 187
Mainsprings of Civilization(Huntington, E.), 117
Malaria, 238
Malay Archipelago, 373
Malthus, Thomas, 213–15, 261
Malthusian catastrophe, 214
Malthusian Theory, 46,213–16, 261, 333
Man and Nature, or Physical Geography as
Modified by Human Action(Marsh), 198
Manifest destiny, 57, 198, 280
Mantle, 107
Manx language, 208
Mapping tool, GPS and, 157
Map projections, 50, 216–17,219–22
Maps,216–19; of Africa, 51i; of biomes, 32i;
cartography, 47, 216; climate, 61–62;
creation of, 218; example of, 51i; geographic
information systems (GIS), 141, 218–19;
location, 209, 217; map projections, 219;
medical geography, 222; nation-state, 236;
population, 260; quantitative revolution, 275;
region, 61i, 216, 280; scale, 216–17, 296
Marbut, C. F., 313
Mariana Trench, 106, 258–59
Marine biomes, 33–34
Marine west coast climate, 63t
Maritime polar air (mP), 9, 11i
Maritime tropical air (mT), 9, 11i
Market gardening, 78
Marketing principle, 55
Marsh, George Perkins, 198
Marshall Plan, 288
Marxism, 369
Massif of Austria, 34
Mass transit systems, 349
Mass wasting,361–64
Matthews, Drummond, 256–57
Mature stage of thunderstorms, 341
Matzo, 129
Maui, Hawaii, 278
McDonald’s, 152
Mechanical weathering, 361–62
Mechanization of agriculture, 3, 7–8Index 395