P (primary) waves, 108
Pacific Ocean, 177, 247–48
Padre Island, 179
Pakistan, 26, 191, 230, 232
Palearctic Region, 374, 375t
Panama Canal, 325
Parallels, 200
Parent material, 310–11
Paris, 268
Particularism, 197,253–54
Parti Quebecois, 102
Pashtun community, 26
Passages, 147, 203–4,322–25
Past occupancy, 307
Pastoralism,254–55, 347
Patagonian Desert, 278
Patches, 199
Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act
(PPACA), 121–22
Peace of Westphalia, 236
Peasant grain, 77–78
Pedology, 313
Pelagic zone, 33
Peoples Republic of China.SeeChina
Periphery,72–74, 370–71.See alsoHinterland
Permafrost, 75–77, 312
Persian Empire, 118
Persian Gulf, 323
Personal space, 339
Peru, 245
Peru-Chile Trench, 258
Peru Current, 244–46
Peters, Arno, 221
Peters projection, 221
Philosophy of geography, 262
Photography, 284–85, 285t
Photons, 315
Photosynthesis, 28–29
Physiographic boundaries, 38
“Piedmont,” 224
Pineapple Connection, 177
Pioneer boundaries, 39
Pivot regions, 169–70.See alsoHeartland
Theory
Plane of the Ecliptic, 298
Plantation cultivation, 77Plate tectonics,255–59; continental shelves,
256; coral reefs and, 34; Earth, 107, 255;
earthquakes, 108, 255; equilibrium, 326;
folding and faulting, 122; geomorphology,
145; ocean currents, 244; oceans, 248–49;
remote sensing, 285; vulcanism, 360
Plato, 147, 250
Pleistocene Epoch, 75, 91
Plov, 129
Plutonic activity, 357
Plutons, 358
Polar deserts, 95
Polar front, 369
Polar ice cap, 63t
Political geography, 73
Pollution, of groundwater, 167
Popular culture, 81–82, 126, 128, 152, 154
Population,259–62; biogeochemical cycles,
19; demographic transition model, 93–95;
density of, 12, 260; economic development,
geography of, 111; hydropolitics and, 39;
locational analysis, 212; Malthusian Theory,
213; megalopolis, 223; migration, 228, 260;
natural resources, 241, 261; organic theory,
251; rural settlement, 288; segregation, 305;
spatial interaction models, 319; squatter
settlements, 321; urbanization, 350
The Population Bomb(Ehrlich), 215–16
Population density, 12, 260
Population distribution, 260
Population pyramid, 93–94
Portolan maps, 49
Portugal, 70, 207
Positive checks, 214, 215
Possibilism, 83, 84, 117, 253–54,262–63
Possibilists, 85
Postindustrial stage, 94–95
PPACA (Patient Protection and Affordable
Care Act), 121–22
PPP (Purchasing Power Parity), 111,269–70
Prague Spring, 295
Pratt, Mary L., 347
Precipitation,263–66; anticyclones, 14;
atmospheric stability and, 21–22; biomes
and, 36; desert, 96, 97; fronts, 135; humidity,
175; hydrologic cycle, 180–83, 263; karst,398 Index