by types (kata genos pharmaka: Gale ̄n, CMLoc 1.8 [12.468 K.]), heavily extracted by Gale ̄n,
and perhaps on medicines (Peri Boe ̄the ̄mato ̄n, Wellmann 1895: 485). Contrary to Wellmann
(1895: 486), Arkhigene ̄s did not write a text on toxicology, but seems rather to have included
this topic in his pharmaceutical treatise. According to the extant fragment (pseudo-A
P, §58, pp. 30–31 Ihm), the work listed medicines and detailed the symptoms for
which they were prescribed.
Arkhigene ̄s’ works survive only in fragments preserved by Gale ̄n (Fabricius 1972: 198–199),
Oreibasios, A A, and P A (for the latter two, Brescia), and in
some Byzantine MSS (Olivieri; Brescia; and Calabrò). Some works, intact or fragmentary,
were still known in 14th c. Constantinople, in the Prodromou monastery. His treatises on
pathology and medicines by types were used by Neophytos Prodromenos in his work on
dental pathologies (contained in MSS Paris, BNF, graecus 2286 and Athens, BN, 1481), and
in the anonymous treatise on toxicology contained in MS Vat. graec. 299 (i.e., pseudo-Aelius
Promotus).
Ed.: A. Olivieri, “Frammenti di Archigene,” Memorie della Real Accademia di Archeologia, Lettere e Belle Arte
della Società Reale di Napoli 6 (1938) 44–46; C. Brescia, Frammenti medicinali di Archigene (1955); G.
Larizza Calabrò, “Frammenti inediti di Archigene,” Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei, Bolletino del Comitato
per la preparazione della Edizione nazionale dei classici greci e latini ns 9 (1961) 69–72.
Wellmann (1895) 19–22; RE 2.1 (1895) 484–486, Idem; Diels 2 (1907) 16–17; Kudlien (1968) 1099; KP
1.507, Idem; DSB 1.212–213, J. Stannard; GAS 3 (1970) 61; Ullmann (1972) 159; A.D. Mauroudes,
“O iatros Archigenes,” Elle ̄nika 36 (1985) 278–285; OCD3 145, V. Nutton; BNP 1 (2002) 989–990,
Idem.
Alain Touwaide
Arkhutas (350 – 90 BCE)
C D excerpted from a work on agriculture attributed to A
T (V, RR 1.1.8–10, cf. C, 1.1.7), while D L (8.82),
following De ̄me ̄trios of Magnesia’s discussion of homonymous persons, considered the
agronomist and the philosopher to be different people. It is reasonable to assume that all the
sources knew a pseudo-Arkhutan work on farming, which may have discussed cereals,
livestock, poultry, viticulture, and arboriculture (cf. P, 1.ind.8, 10, 14–15, 17–18).
RE 2.1 (1895) 602 (#6), M. Wellmann.
Philip Thibodeau
Arkhutas of Taras (400 – 360 BCE?)
Arkhutas/Archytas (b. ca 435 BCE), the last prominent representative of ancient Pythago-
reanism, is a rare example of a brilliant mathematician and an original thinker who
achieved success in ruling a state. He was elected seven times in succession as a strate ̄gos of
Taras, at that time one of the most powerful cities of Greece; as a strate ̄gos-autokrato ̄r he
headed the union of the Greek cities in Italy (A1–2 DK). Some of Archytas’ original works,
e.g. On mathematical sciences, Diatribae, and Harmonics, are preserved in several fragments and
indirect testimonies. Most writings bearing his name belong to the late Hellenistic pseudo-
Pythagorean literature, in which Archytas, judging by the number of the forged treatises
(45), was even more popular than P.
Archytas actively and fruitfully took up all the sciences of Pythagorean quadrivium
ARKHUTAS OF TARAS