work we have two fragments preserved by Athe ̄naios, our main source on Artemo ̄n: the
former is concerned with the musician Timotheos of Mile ̄tos, accused by Lacedaemonians
of fitting too many strings on his instrument, the latter with P Z.
FHG 4.340–343; BNP 2 (2002) 69–70 (#1), F. Montanari.
E. Rocconi
Artemo ̄n of Klazomenai (450 – 430 BCE)
Designed rams and tortoises for Perikle ̄s in the siege against Samos (440– 439 BCE: E
fr.194 = D S 12.28 and P Perikle ̄s 27.3–4). H
H P linked this Artemo ̄n with a man (described by the poet Anakre ̄on,
frr.372, 388) who rode in litters (Periphore ̄tos), was notorious for his cowardice, and who had
slaves hold shields over his head during sieges. A cites the Annals of Klazomenai by
another Artemo ̄n describing a destructive winged pig (HA 12.38).
RE 2.2 (1896) 1445 (#1), J. Toepffer.
PTK and GLIM
M. Artorius (55 – 27 BCE)
Brought a warning to the future emperor A before the battle of Philippi (42 BCE,
Vell. Pat. 2.70.1). C A, Acut. 3.113 (CML 6.1.1, p. 358), assigns him to the
sect of A B, and describes his theory of hudrophobia: the stom-
ach is the affected part, causing the hiccups, vomiting, and thirst. He also wrote On Long Life
(Clement of Alexandria, Paid. 2.2.23). Inscriptions reveal that he benefited De ̄los, and died
in a shipwreck, 27 BCE.
BNP 2 (2003) 81, V. Nutton.
PTK and GLIM
A ̄ryabhat
̇
a (ca 500 CE)A ̄ryabhat
̇
a (born 476 CE) lived in Pa ̄t
̇
aliputra (modern Patna in Bihar, India), authored two
works, the A ̄ryabhat. ̄ıya (ca 500 CE), the origin of the A ̄ryapaks.a school of astronomy, and a
now lost work, the origin of the A ̄rdhara ̄trikapaks.a school of astronomy. The A ̄ryapaks.a,
which became influential in south India, has a dawn epoch, whereas the A ̄rdhara ̄trikapaks.a,
which influenced north-west India and Iran, has a midnight epoch, but otherwise the two
schools differ only in certain parameters.
While both schools differ from the Bra ̄hmapaks.a and the A ̄ryabhat. ̄ıya has a different struc-
ture from other Indian astronomical treatises, the P, the founding
text of the Bra ̄hmapaks.a, was among A ̄ryabhat
̇
a’s sources, and he states in the A ̄ryabhat. ̄ıya
that his astronomical system was revealed by Svayambhu ̄, i.e., Brahma ̄.
The planetary model used by A ̄ryabhat
̇
a is derived from a pre-Ptolemaic Greek model,
which sought to preserve the Aristotelian principle of concentricity. The mean planet moves
in a circle around the Earth, and centered around the mean planet are one or two epi-
cycles, depending on whether the planet is one of the two luminaries or a star-planet.
Pingree (DSB 15.590) believes that the mean motions of the planets in the A ̄ryabhat. ̄ıya,
apparently unrelated to those of the Bra ̄hmapaks.a, were derived from a Greek table of
mean longitudes corresponding to noon on 21 March 499 CE.
A ̄RYABHAT ̇A