Kallikrate ̄s (Astrol.) (50 – 150 CE?)
In a collection of epitomes of such astrologers as T, K, B-
, and A A, CCAG 8.3 (1912) 102–103 includes a paragraph on the
Treasury of Kallikrate ̄s, addressed to an otherwise unknown Timogene ̄s (both names are
very rare after the 2nd c. CE). He began with the Moon, turned to the Sun, and proceeded
thence through Saturn, Mars, Jupiter, Venus, and finally Mercury: i.e., first the luminaries,
next the two malefic planets, then the others. Kallikrate ̄s described each planet’s
sympathies and configurations with the others, and with each of the signs, and explained
what its oppositions and other aspects prognosticated.
(*)
PTK
Kallikrate ̄s (Arch.) (ca 450 – 425 BCE)
Architect connected with various projects in Athens in the 5th c. BCE. According to P-
(Perikles 13.4), he and I built the Parthenon. According to the same source
(Perikles 13.5), he took up the contract to build the (middle) Long Wall that connected
Athens with its port at Piraeus. An inscription (IG I^3 45) specifies that Kallikrate ̄s should
provide the sungraphe ̄ (specifications) for some kind of construction to secure the Acropolis
from runaway slaves and thieves. Another inscription (IG I^3 35) records that Kallikrate ̄s
should provide sungraphai for a door to the sanctuary of Athena Nike ̄ on the Acropolis and
for a temple in the same sanctuary. This literary and epigraphical evidence has generated
considerable debate about the role and significance of Kallikrate ̄s. McCredie has argued
that Kallikrate ̄s’s involvement in mundane projects, such as the Long Wall, shows that
Kallikrate ̄s was more of a builder or contractor than a designing architect. Although IG I^3
35 clearly connects Kallikrate ̄s with a temple of Athena Nike ̄, McCredie argues that there
is no compelling reason to link the temple mentioned in the inscription with the well-
known marble building constructed in the 430s and 420s. He notes that both Bundgaard
and Mark connect the inscription with the simple limestone predecessor building that
would have required only a minimal design. A more generous view of the career of
Kallikrate ̄s is taken by most scholars, who believe that he designed the marble temple of
Athena Nike ̄ and had a role in the design of some phase of the Parthenon. The temple
of Athena Nike ̄ is a small but finely crafted amphiprostyle temple that embodies the newly
developed Athenian version of the Ionic order. Because the inscription that links Kal-
likrate ̄s with the building (IG I^3 35) was dated on the basis of letter forms to the 440s BCE
it was long thought that the execution of the project was delayed some 15 to 20 years and
that the original plan of the building needed to be shortened in response to the reduction
in the size of the sanctuary that resulted from the encroachment of the new Propylaia,
built earlier in the 430s BCE. More recent studies by Wesenberg and Mattingly have
lowered the date of the inscription to the date of the commencement of the building, thus
eliminating the awkward gap between them. Although many scholars have accepted
Kallikrate ̄s’ role in the design of the Parthenon, the nature of that role has been subject to a
variety of interpretations. Whereas some scholars, such as Dinsmoor and Martin, see
Kallikrate ̄s and Iktinos as collaborators in the design of the famous Periklean building,
others have attempted, without very convincing evidence, to assign Kallikrate ̄s and Iktinos
to separate phases of the building. Carpenter assigned Kallikrate ̄s to a hypothethical
KALLIKRATE ̄S (ARCH.)