he wrote history, published his letters, and compiled observations made on his travels into a
paradoxography or commentarius. Pliny preserves ca three dozen extracts, mostly on marvel-
ous springs or the intelligence of animals (translated by Williamson 247–252). There was a
fresh-water spring at Arados below the sea, 5.128; a spring on Andros produced wine-
flavored water, 31.16; and one at Kuzikos curbed lust, 31.19. Many animals display almost
human intelligence: elephants on gangplanks 8.6, goats crossing streams 8.201, apes playing
latrunculi and worshipping the waxing moon 8.215.
BNP 7 (2005) 539–540 (#II.14), W. Eck; G. Williamson, “Mucianus and a Touch of the Miraculous,”
in J. Elsner and I. Rutherford, edd., Pilgrimage in Graeco-Roman and Early Christian Antiquity (2005)
219 – 252.
PTK
Lingo ̄n (10 BCE – 95 CE)
A P., in G, CMLoc 9.4 (13.286 K.), records his anodyne, based
on henbane and opium, and including Cretan-carrot seed (cf. K), euphorbia
(cf. I), purethron, and saffron. The name seems derived from the Gallic tribe, cf.
P 2.17.7, C BG 1.26.5–6, 1.40.11, S 4.3.4, 4.6.11, and J.-H. Billy,
Thes. Linguae Gallicae (1993).
RE 13.1 (1926) 714, F.E. Kind.
PTK
Linos, pseudo (ca 250 – 150 BCE?)
“Linos” was the lamented, or a song for the lamented, but is listed by H as a
sage (D L 1.42); Diogene ̄s Laërtios credits him with a verse cosmogony,
entitled On the Nature of the World, of which I S quotes two excerpts: 1.10.5
on the essential unity and perpetual flux of all things, and 3.1.70 on avoiding gluttony;
cf. Souda Lambda-572 (giving Thebes as the ethnic). He taught a Great Year of 10,800
years, H’ value (C 18.11), that the four elements were held together
by three “bonds” (T A, p. 67 de Falco), and the special
significance of the seven planets and seven days (Aristoboulos in Clement, Strom. 5.107.4).
Ed.: West (1983) 56–67.
DPA 4 (2005) 107, B. Centrone.
PTK
“Lion Horoscope” of Kommage ̄ne ̄ (109 – 62 BCE)
Stone relief on top of Mt. Nemrud in east Anatolia (37 ̊ 59 ’ N, 38 ̊ 45 ’ E, at 2206m elev.),
discovered in 1890 as part of the western terrace of the Hierothesion of Antiokhos I of
Kommage ̄ne ̄ (fragments of a twin copy have been found on the east terrace). It represents
a conjunction of Mars, Mercury, Jupiter, and the Moon in the constellation Leo with the
main emphasis on the application of the Moon to the “royal” bright fixed star Regulus.
This seems to give the ruler cult of Kommage ̄ne ̄ a cosmic dimension. Neugebauer’s long
accepted dating of the conjunction to July 6 or 7, 62 BCE, has recently been questioned by
Crijns who argues for July 14, 109 BCE. Depending on the difficult interpretation of the
unique iconography and a number of indispensable hypotheses for its astronomical dating,
LINGO ̄N