Aineios (of Ko ̄s?) (10 BCE – 110 CE)
K, in Gale ̄n CMLoc 2.2 (12.589–590 K.) cites from Aineios a decongestant, contain-
ing beeswax, goat-fat, lye, natron, pitch, and soap, instilled nasally. The following three
recipes, possibly also his, involve euphorbia (cf. I), or pepper, or both (a sternutatory).
This form of the name is rare, cited only by S B, s.v. Ko ̄s, for a
doctor (likely earlier), and LGPN 3B.18.
RE 1.1 (1893) 1022 (#3), M. Wellmann.
PTK
Aineside ̄mos of Kno ̄ssos (100 – 50 BCE)
Initiated the skeptical movement known as Pyrrhonism, claiming inspiration from Pyrrho
of E ̄lis (ca 360 – 270 BCE). We have an informative summary by Pho ̄tios, Bibl. §212, of his
Pyrrhonist Discourses (Purro ̄neioi Logoi: in eight books), and several other works are attested. It is
contestable whether the variety of Pyrrhonism espoused by Aineside ̄mos was identical with
that of S E. Whereas Sextus stresses the undecidability of the conflicts between
incompatible arguments or impressions, Aineside ̄mos seems rather to have stressed the rela-
tivity to circumstances, or to persons, of each of these arguments or impressions – the
consequence being that none of them can be taken to capture the way things are intrinsically.
Like Sextus, Aineside ̄mos appears to have applied his skeptical method to a great variety
of topics, including scientific topics. The subjects addressed in Pyrrhonist Discourses included
causes, effects, generation, destruction, motion and sense-perception. Aineside ̄mos also dis-
cussed “signs” – observable phenomena that, according to non-skeptical philosophers, con-
stituted evidence of non-observable states of affairs. Signs were an important aspect of the
scientific methodology of particularly the Hellenistic period; not surprisingly, Aineside ̄mos
is reported to have argued that there are no such things.
Long and Sedley (1987) §§ 71 – 72; ECP 6 – 8, J. Allen.
Richard Bett
Aisara of Lucania (100 BCE – 100 CE?)
P’ daughter according to Pho ̄tios, Bibl. 249. I S (1.49.27)
transmits under her name On the Nature of Man (Peri Anthro ̄pou Phuseo ̄s), a spurious Dorian
fragment conjecturally attributed to Aresas, a Pythagorean scholarch. The text prob-
ably belongs to a group of treatises ascribed to Pythagorean women philosophers and
mainly treating the ethics of the household. Human nature is the criterion of law and
justice; justice consists in harmonizing the parts of the soul, which occurs, in Platonic
fashion, when the superior part (intelligence) rules the inferior (appetite), and the intermedi-
ate (spirit) rules the appetitive and follows the superior part. The best life results from a
commingling of virtue and pleasure.
Thesleff (1965) 48.20–50.23; DPA 1 (1989) 348–349, Bruno Centrone.
Bruno Centrone
Aiskhine ̄s of Athens (350 BCE – 77 CE)
Wrote on medicine and recommended burnt excrement (in a remedy called botruon) for
tonsil complaints, sore uvula, and carcinomata (P 1.ind.28, 28.44).
AISKHINE ̄S OF ATHENS