became a Christian center (cf. Syria). PECS 66 – 67, J.-P. Rey-Coquais; OCD3 118, A.H.M.
Jones and S. Sherwin-White; BAGRW 68-B3; BNP 1 (2002) 817 (#3), J. Oelsner.
A, N, O, P.
Aphrodisias of Kilikia (east of mod. Yes ̧ilovacık; 36 ̊ 12 ’ N, 33 ̊ 42 ’ E): coastal city, south-
west of Seleukeia (Kilikia), attested by -S, 40; little or no history is
known. S B, s.v. (listing ten homonyms, e.g. in Thrake ̄, BAGRW
51-H3); RE 1.2 (1894) 2726 (#1), A. Wilhelm; BAGRW 66-D4.
M, X.
Aphrodisias of Karia (mod. Geyre; 37 ̊ 42 ’ N, 28 ̊ 43 ’ E): on a tributary of the Maiandros
(not far from He ̄rakleia Salbake ̄, and upstream from Tralleis). The pre-Greek name
Ninoe ̄ probably refers to a fertility-goddess; the name Aphrodisias is first attested in the
3rd c. BCE. Close relations with Rome began with Sulla (devoted to Venus), and continue
under rulers from C to the end of the 3rd c. CE. The temple of Aphrodite was made
into a church in the 5th c. CE. PECS 68 – 70, K. Erim; OCD3 119 – 120, J.M. Reynolds;
BAGRW 65-A2; BNP 1 (2002) 828–829, H. Kaletsch.
A, A, A.
Apollo ̄nia Pontike ̄ (mod. Sozopol; 42 ̊ 25 ’ N, 27 ̊ 42 ’ E): colony on west coast of Black Sea,
founded by Mile ̄tos ca 610 BCE; south of Kallatis and about a day’s sail north of the
Bosporos. Traded and allied with Athens in the 5th c. BCE, but declined thereafter; allied
with M VI, and plundered by Lucullus 71 BCE. PECS 72 – 73, A. Frova; OCD3
124, Max Cary and N.G.L. Hammond; BAGRW 22-E6; BNP 1 (2002) 865–866 (#2), I. von
Bredow.
D.
Aquitania: south-west France, approximately the Pays Basque (cf. C, BG 1.1). OCD3
134, J.F. Drinkwater.
Sites: Burdigala, Vasates, Vesunna.
People: V.
Arados (mod. er-Rouad/Arwad; 34 ̊ 51 ’ N, 35 ̊ 52 ’ E): millennium-old trading center on a
small island near the Syrian coast (north of Bublos, and west of Emesa), head of a
Phoenician trading alliance, conquered by Alexander of Macedon 332 BCE; autonomous
under the Seleukids, and known as Antioch Pieria (S B, s.v., #7).
PECS 82, J.-P. Rey-Coquais; OCD3 135, J.-F. Salles; BAGRW 68-A4; BNP 1 (2002) 948,
M. Köckert.
K.
Arelate (mod. Arles; 43 ̊ 41 ’ N, 04 ̊ 38 ’ E): colony of Pho ̄kaia founded as Theline ̄ in the 6th
c., destroyed by Ligurians 535 BCE, and revived in the 4th c. BCE; under Rome became
one of the chief cities of the province Gallia Narbonensis (see Narbo). Canals dug by Marius
(104 BCE) repaired its access to the sea; sided with C in 49 BCE against Massalia.
Built up by A, and again by Constantine, when it became a Christian center;
occupied by Visigoths ca 480 CE. PECS 87 – 88, R. Amy; OCD3 151, J.F. Drinkwater;
BAGRW 15-D2; BNP 1 (2002) 1044–1045, Y. Lafond.
F, H.
Argos in Akarnania/Amphilokhia (mod. Loutron; 38 ̊ 57 ’ N, 21 ̊ 12 ’ E): archaic city on
the Ambrakian Gulf, across from Nikopolis; allied with Athens in 430 BCE. PECS 91,
M.H. McAllister; BAGRW 54-D4.
E.
Argos (mod. Argos; 37 ̊ 37 ’ N, 22 ̊ 44 ’ E): pre-Hellenic city in the valley of the Inakhos not
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