oikoumene ̄ the whole known inhabited portion of the Earth’s sphere (or sometimes just
the known portion of the inhabited world), as distinguished from Ocean and from
hypothetical trans-Oceanic landmasses: HWPhil 6 (1984) 1174–1177, S. Seigfried
(Greco-Roman and Byzantine); BNP 10 (2007) 73–75, T. Schmitt.
See also: A I, A, A A,
A E, D A P, E-
, H, I K, K M, L
R, M T, P A, P D,
P, P (G.), S, S R G,
T T, V.
oktaete ̄ris an eight-year calendar cycle, attempting to coordinate lunar months with a
solar year by intercalating a month at intervals (the sequence of intercalations varied
depending on the lengths assigned to the months and the year); see E
K, H, K, M. BNP 2 (2003) 451, J. Rüpke.
See also: D P, E, K N, M-
(I, II), N, P. P G 1.
omphakion juice or paste made from unripe grapes and/or olives: D,
MM 3.7, 5.5; Durling 1993: 251.
See also: P (M.), P (P.), T (P.).
opopanax the bitter flammable gum of panax: D, MM 3.48; Durling
1993: 254.
See also: A, A, A VIII, A (P.), E-
C, E, E (P.), I P,
I M, I (P.), K (P.), L,
L, L, M, M (P.), M, S
(P.), S (M.), S (P.), Z L, Z
(M.).
orthopnoia disease characterized by being able to breathe only in an upright position:
H C, P 23 (2.176 Littré); H C,
S D 9 (6.370 Littré); G Loc. Aff. 2.5 (8.120–121 K.), CMLoc 7.6
(13.105–106 K.).
See also: A (M.), K, O/O, S,
S (P.).
oxumel (Grk.: oxumeli, “sharp-honey”) honey boiled down in vinegar, used as a
remedy, or a base for compound medicines. H C Regimen in Acute
Diseases 58 – 60 (2.348–358 Littré); D, MM 5.14; Durling 1993: 253.
See also: D L, H.
panax numerous plants were given this name, esp. Opopanax hispidus Friv. or Grisb.
(“Hercules’ woundwort”), Opopanax chironium (L.) Koch. (“sweet myrrh”), and Inula helen-
ium L.: T, HP 9.11.1–4; D, MM 3.48 (“Hercules”), 3.50
(“Chiron’s”), etc.; G, Simples 9.16.3–5 (12.94–95 K.); Usher 1974: 318, 424;
André 1985: 186–187 (esp. #1, 5); Langenheim 2003: 97, 416.
See also: E, H, K, M, O.
paradoxon an event or observation contrary to reason; collected by Stoics and others to
show the incomprehensibility of nature. Cf. HWPhil 7 (1989) 81–84, P. Probst.
A M, A, A, V A, -
A D M A, C T, D
GLOSSARY