A S, A (G.), A M, A,
A, A, A, A E, A,
B, B, C T, D S, D
B, D K, E K, E
R, E, H M, H “K,”
H, I, K, K C, K,
K, M H, M P, M
P, M P, N, N S,
O, P, P M E, P P E,
S C, S S, -S, S K,
S (G.), S M M, T V, T-
, T, T, T, X L,
Z.
pessary medicated vaginal suppository; the mode of abortion prohibited in the
H C O.
See also: A, B (M.), C, H C G,
O, O ̄, P.
phthisis “wasting,” i.e., usually pneumonial tuberculosis (of which a common symptom
is bloody sputum), very common in antiquity (H C, Diseases 2.48– 50
[7.72–78 Littré]), and into the modern period, cf. Grmek 1989: 177–197.
A, A, D K, E, H
K, H K, K, M, N, O ̄-
, P, P R, P, P (P.).
phusis “nature” or everything that comes to be; frequent as the subject of writing on
science: A, Physics 2.1 (192b8–193b21); HWPhil 7 (1989) 967–971, L. Deitz
(on phusis and nomos).
See also: A, A, C A, E, H
C A W P, K, L, M K,
N, P A, P.
Platonism see Academy.
pneuma originally “breath” or the “innate spirit” (A, Motu Anim. 10 [703a4–
703b2]), later the active principle of Stoic cosmology. OCD3 1202, J.T. Vallance; NP 9
(2000) 1181–1182, T. Tieleman.
See also: A, A T, A M, A,
A HA 10, A O B, A A,
C, D K, E I, G
A, H, K, K, M E,
M, M A, P. H (O.), P. M.
V. I.14, P, P L, P A, P-
, S L, T, Z K.
Pneumaticists sect of medical practice founded by A A, whose
primary explanatory principle was the pneuma of the Stoa. The human physiological
system was made of pneuma and four elements in an equilibrium (eukrasia). Pneuma
circulated through the cardio-vascular system, hence their strong interest in sphygmol-
ogy, with elaborate classifying of pulses. A disturbance of the equilibrium (duskrasia)
caused disease(s), a sign of which was fever. Therapy consisted partly in evacuating an
excess of pneuma or of one of the four physiological elements. See esp. A,
GLOSSARY