x CONTENTS
- 1 Introduction: goals and decisions
- 1.1 How to use this book
- 1.2 What is wildlife conservation and management?
- 1.3 Goals of management
- 1.4 Hierarchies of decision
- 1.5 Policy goals
- 1.6 Feasible options
- 1.7 Summary
- Part 1 Wildlife ecology
- 2 Biomes
- 2.1 Introduction
- 2.2 Forest biomes
- 2.3 Woodland biomes
- 2.4 Shrublands
- 2.5 Grassland biomes
- 2.6 Semi-desert scrub
- 2.7 Deserts
- 2.8 Marine biomes
- 2.9 Summary
- 3 Animals as individuals
- 3.1 Introduction
- 3.2 Adaptation
- 3.3 The theory of natural selection
- 3.4 Examples of adaptation
- 3.5 The effects of history
- 3.6 The abiotic environment
- 3.7 Genetic characteristics of individuals
- 3.8 Applied aspects
- 3.9 Summary
- 2 Biomes
- 4 Food and nutrition
- 4.1 Introduction
- 4.2 Constituents of food
- 4.3 Variation in food supply
- 4.4 Measurement of food supply
- 4.5 Basal metabolic rate and food requirement
- 4.6 Morphology of herbivore digestion
- 4.7 Food passage rate and food requirement
- 4.8 Body size and diet selection
- 4.9 Indices of body condition
- 4.10 Summary
- 5 The ecology of behavior
- 5.1 Introduction
- 5.2 Diet selection
- 5.3 Optimal patch or habitat use
- 5.4 Risk-sensitive habitat use
- selection functions 5.5 Quantifying habitat preference using resource
- 5.6 Social behavior and foraging
- 5.7 Summary
- 6 Population growth
- 6.1 Introduction
- 6.2 Rate of increase
- 6.3 Fecundity rate
- 6.4 Mortality rate
- 6.5 Direct estimation of life-table parameters
- 6.6 Indirect estimation of life-table parameters
- 6.7 Relationship between parameters
- 6.8 Geometric or exponential population growth
- 6.9 Summary
- 7 Dispersal, dispersion, and distribution
- 7.1 Introduction
- 7.2 Dispersal
- 7.3 Dispersion
- 7.4 Distribution
- 7.5 Distribution, abundance, and range collapse
- 7.6 Species reintroductions or invasions
- 7.7 Dispersal and the sustainability of metapopulations
- 7.8 Summary
- species 8 Population regulation, fluctuation, and competition within
- 8.1 Introduction
- 8.2 Stability of populations
- 8.3 The theory of population limitation and regulation
- 8.4 Evidence for regulation
- 8.5 Applications of regulation
- 8.6 Logistic model of population regulation
- 8.7 Stability, cycles, and chaos
- 8.8 Intraspecific competition
- 8.9 Interactions of food, predators, and disease
- 8.10 Summary
- 9 Competition and facilitation between species
- 9.1 Introduction
- 9.2 Theoretical aspects of interspecific competition
- 9.3 Experimental demonstrations of competition
- 9.4 The concept of the niche
- 9.5 The competitive exclusion principle
- 9.6 Resource partitioning and habitat selection
- 9.7 Competition in variable environments
- 9.8 Apparent competition
- 9.9 Facilitation
- 9.10 Applied aspects of competition
- 9.11 Summary
- 10 Predation
- 10.1 Introduction
- 10.2 Predation and management
- 10.3 Definitions
- 10.4 The effect of predators on prey density
- 10.5 The behavior of predators
- 10.6 Numerical response of predators to prey density
- 10.7 The total response
- 10.8 Behavior of the prey
- 10.9 Summary
- 11 Parasites and pathogens
- 11.1 Introduction and definitions
- 11.2 Effects of parasites
- 11.3 The basic parameters of epidemiology
- 11.4 Determinants of spread
- 11.5 Endemic pathogens
- and predators 11.6 Endemic pathogens: synergistic interactions with food
- 11.7 Epizootic diseases
- 11.8 Emerging infectious diseases of wildlife
- 11.9 Parasites and the regulation of host populations
- 11.10 Parasites and host communities
- 11.11 Parasites and conservation
- 11.12 Parasites and control of pests
- 11.13 Summary
- 12 Consumer–resource dynamics
- 12.1 Introduction
- 12.2 Quality and quantity of a resource
- 12.3 Kinds of resources
- 12.4 Consumer–resource dynamics: general theory
- Australian savannas 12.5 Kangaroos and their food plants in semi-arid
- 12.6 Wolf–moose–woody plant dynamics in the boreal forest
- 12.7 Other population cycles
- 12.8 Summary
- Part 2 Wildlife conservation and management
- 13 Counting animals
- 13.1 Introduction
- 13.2 Estimates
- 13.3 Total counts
- 13.4 Sampled counts: the logic
- 13.5 Sampled counts: methods and arithmetic
- 13.6 Indirect estimates of population size
- 13.7 Indices
- 13.8 Summary
- 14 Age and stage structure
- 14.1 Age-specific population models
- 14.2 Stage-specific models
- 14.3 Sensitivity and elasticity of matrix models
- 14.4 Short-term changes in structured populations
- 14.5 Summary
- 15 Model evaluation and adaptive management
- 15.1 Introduction
- 15.2 Fitting models to data and estimation of parameters
- the observed data 15.3 Measuring the likelihood of models in light of
- 15.4 Evaluating the likelihood of alternative models using AIC
- 15.5 Adaptive management
- 15.6 Summary
- 16 Experimental management
- 16.1 Introduction
- 16.2 Differentiating success from failure
- 16.3 Technical judgments can be tested
- 16.4 The nature of the evidence
- 16.5 Experimental and survey design
- 16.6 Some standard analyses
- 16.7 Summary
- 17 Conservation in theory
- 17.1 Introduction
- 17.2 Demographic problems contributing to risk of extinction
- 17.3 Genetic problems contributing to risk of extinction
- 17.4 Effective population size (genetic)
- 17.5 Effective population size (demographic)
- 17.6 How small is too small?
- 17.7 Population viability analysis
- 17.8 Extinction caused by environmental change
- 17.9 Summary
- 18 Conservation in practice
- 18.1 Introduction
- 18.2 How populations go extinct
- 18.3 How to prevent extinction
- 18.4 Rescue and recovery of near extinctions
- 18.5 Conservation in national parks and reserves
- 18.6 Community conservation outside national parks and reserves
- 18.7 International conservation
- 18.8 Summary
- 19 Wildlife harvesting
- 19.1 Introduction
- 19.2 Fixed quota harvesting strategy
- 19.3 Fixed proportion harvesting strategy
- 19.4 Fixed escapement harvesting strategy
- 19.5 Harvesting in practice: recreational
- 19.6 Harvesting in practice: commercial
- 19.7 Age- or sex-biased harvesting
- 19.8 Bioeconomics
- 19.9 Game cropping and the discount rate
- 19.10 Summary
- 20 Wildlife control
- 20.1 Introduction
- 20.2 Definitions
- 20.3 Effects of control
- 20.4 Objectives of control
- 20.5 Determining whether control is appropriate
- 20.6 Methods of control
- 20.7 Summary
- 21 Ecosystem management and conservation
- 21.1 Introduction
- 21.2 Definitions
- 21.3 Gradients of communities
- 21.4 Niches
- 21.5 Food webs and intertrophic interactions
- 21.6 Community features and management consequences
- 21.7 Multiple states
- 21.8 Regulation of top-down and bottom-up processes
- 21.9 Ecosystem consequences of bottom-up processes
- 21.10 Ecosystem disturbance and heterogeneity
- 21.11 Ecosystem management at multiple scales
- 21.12 Biodiversity
- 21.13 Island biogeography and dynamic processes of diversity
- 21.14 Ecosystem function
- 21.15 Summary
- Appendices
- Glossary
- References
- Index