999
Newhall, Beaumont, Focus: Memoirs of a Life in Photography,
Boston: Little, Brown, 1993.
——, The History of Photography: From 1839 to the Present,
New York: Museum of Modern Art; Boston: Distributed by
New York Graphic Society Books, c. 1982. Text fi rst published
in the exhibition catalog Photography, 1839–1937 by the Mu-
seum of Modern Art in 1937. In 1938 the text and illustrations
were reprinted as Photography: A Short Critical History.
——, In Plain Sight: The Photographs of Beaumont Newhall.
Foreword by Ansel Adams. Salt Lake City, UT: G.M. Smith,
1983.
——, Latent Image: The Discovery of Photography, Garden City,
NY: Anchor Books: Doubleday, 1967.
——, Masters of Photography, New York: Bonanza Books,
1958.
Walch, Peter, and Thomas F. Barrow (eds.), Perspectives on
Photography: Essays in Honor of Beaumont Newhall, Albu-
querque: University of New Mexico Press, 1986.
NEWLAND, JAMES WILLIAM (?–1857)
Newland hailed from Redgrave in Suffolk, England.
He was a travelling daguerreian photographer who
spanned the continents. He is fi rst noted as J. W.
Neuland at 124 Royal St., New Orleans in 1845. He
travelled via Panama and Jamaica until in December
1846 he was in Lima, Peru then in early 1847 in Cal-
lao. In July he was in Valparaiso then he traveled on
to Fiji and Auckland, New Zealand, before arriving
in Australia where he set up a studio on the corner of
King and George Streets, Sydney from March 1848
for three months. Newland presented lavish lantern
shows and a diorama in Sydney that he travelled
with to Newcastle and Maitland, where he also oper-
ated temporary studios. From October 1848 Newland
worked from a studio in Murray St., Hobart Town
where he took the earliest known Australian landscape
photograph and claimed to have upward of two hun-
dred daguerreotypes in his gallery including portraits
of natives from Fiji, New Zealand, Peru, Chile, and
Granada and a panorama of Arequipa, Peru. The studio
closed in December and it appears Newland then left
for Calcutta, where he opened the fi rst professional
daguerreian studio in Loudon’s Buildings, taking in
F. W. Baker as his assistant. By 1857 Newland had
expanded into positives on paper and glass and he of-
fered stereoviews of Calcutta and its vicinity. He took
in his half-brother Frederick Welling as an assistant,
and, following Newland’s tragic murder at the outset
of the Indian Mutiny in May 1857, Welling continued
to operate the studio until its closure in 1860.
Marcel Safier
Holdings: Macleay Museum, University of Sydney;
State Library of NSW, Sydney; Tasmanian Museum
& Art Gallery, Hobart; British Library, London.
NEWMAN, ARTHUR SAMUEL
(1861–1943)
English inventor and manufacturer
Arthur Newman was born in 1861. After school he
worked for H. and E. J. Dale of London, where he pro-
gressed to designing and making photographic changing
boxes. He later joined Simpsons of Clerkenwell and
became a partner where he was to meet Julio Guardia.
In 1886 Newman was granted his fi rst patent for
a photographic shutter (British patent number 7156)
which was sold by the London Stereoscopic Company.
The shutter was attached to the lens barrel and the shutter
blade inserted into an aperture in the barrel.
The partnership of Newman and Guardia seems to
have started in late 1891 with the Spanish-born Julio
Guardia providing business experience and capital
and Newman providing the engineering skill. The fi rm
gained a reputation for producing high-quality cameras
starting with a hand camera range (1892), the Nydia
(1899), single lens refl exes from 1903 and, from 1908,
the Sibyl range which had been originally patented by
Newman and the company in 1905. Guardia died in
1906 and shortly afterwards in 1908 Newman left the
company relinquishing his shares in return for retain-
ing the rights to the fi lm equipment he had designed.
Newman and Guardia Ltd continued making cameras
into the post-1946 period.
After his departure Newman established a long-
lasting partnership with the photographic retailer and
manufacturer James A Sinclair as Newman & Sinclair
Ltd, principally producing 35mm motion picture cam-
eras and equipment. NS cameras accompanied Herbert
Ponting on Scott’s 1910 Antarctic journey, Shackleton’s
expedition and the 1924 Everest expedition. NS cameras
were used extensively for location and studio fi lming
well into the late twentieth century.
Newman’s reputation was such that he acted as a
retained consultant for the Eastman Kodak Company in
Rochester and he designed Pathé’s very successful Baby
Pathé 9.5mm amateur camera. Newman was actively
involved with the Royal Photographic Society and he
was instrumental in setting up the British Kinemato-
graph Society in 1931.
He died aged eighty-three in London on 12 August
1943.
Michael PritchardNEYT, ADOLPHE L. (1830–1892)
Belgian amateur photographerBorn in Gent 13 April 1830, Neyt developed a reputation
as an enthusiastic amateur of scientifi c photography,