1457
an offi cer. In 1815 he turned to a scientifi c career too.
When he entered the scene of Austrian photo history in
- He was among the most renowned scholars of the
Habsburger monarchy and enjoyed the special protec-
tion of the State of Clemens von Metternich, securing
himself in his independent study of modern math and
physics problems. In 1839 Ettingshausen was in Paris
and participated with the publication of the Daguerreo-
type, and later lectured at the Académie of the Sciences
of the Académie Beaux, which had arranged for François
Arago on 19 August at Institut de France.
During his stay in Paris Ettingshausen was introduced
personally to the new photographic procedure of Louis
Jacques Mandé Daguerre and acquired a Giroux camera
(No. 26). His own print series were taken after October
1839 on Johannisberg at Ruedesheim on the Rhine,
the summer seat of the prince Metternich. Metternich,
as well as the entire Austrian public, was completely
informed about Ettingshausen. An exciting exhibition
from Ettingshausen’s daguerreotype at the Institut of
the Viennese University took place on 22 November - After this, a club of photographic pioneers in
Vienna formed briefl y, consisting of scientists, techni-
cians, medical professionals, and artists, in which Et-
tingshausen also worked. Here he showed his fi rst micro
photographs and experiments with polarized light.
The result of Ettingshausen’s photographic activity
was limited to what he created during his membership
in the 1861 photographic society in Vienna (since 1863,
starting from 1875 as an honorary member) and to sev-
eral photography courses, which he taught from 1863
to 1866 at physical Institut of the Viennese university.
However, his contribution remained important to the
fastidious scientifi c culture of photography in Austria
during the nineteenth century.
Maren Gröning
Biography
Andreas von Ettingshausen was born on 25 November
1796 in Heidelberg (Germany). His parents fi rst intended
that he have a military career, but he had already taken
studies at the school to Vienna in higher mathematics.
In 1817 he reached Adjunkt (assistant) for mathemat-
ics and physics at the University of Vienna. In 1819 he
became a physics teacher at the High School Innsbruck
and in 1821 became professor of higher mathematics
in Vienna. Together with Andreas Baumgartner he
published the magazine for mathematics and physics
in 1826–1832. In 1834 he took over the chair for phys-
ics at the University of Vienna (1852 institute leaders).
Temporarily he taught also at the engineer academy at
the same time (1848 to 1852) and at the polytechnic
institute (1852) in Vienna. In 1845 he took part in a
petition by intellectuals to loosen the censorship in the
Habsburger state. In 1847 he was selected as the fi rst
Secretary-General (until 1850) of the founders’ meet-
ing of the Austrian sciences. From 1861 to 1862 he led
the Viennese university as a rector. After his retirement
in 1866 he was raised into baron status (knight of Et-
tingshausen). He died on 25 May 1878. As a practical
photographer Ettingshausen might have been active only
in the months of his participation in the publication of
the Daguerreotypie in Paris in August 1839 up to his
work in the circle of the Viennese “ round court “ in
March and April 1840.
See also: Austro-Hungarian empire, excluding
Hungary; Societies, groups, institution,
and exhibitions in Austria; Daguerreotype;
Microphotography; and Petzval, Josef Maximilian.Further Reading
Auer, Anna. “Andreas Ritter von Ettingshausen (1796–1878).
Der Mann, der die Daguerreotypie nach Österreich brachte,”
in Rückblende. 150 Jahre Photographie in Österreich, her-
ausgegeben von der Photographische Gesellschaft in Wien,
Wien: Selbstverlag, 1989, 33–43 (englische Fassung p. 44-49;
gekürzte englische Fassung in History of Photography, vol.
17, 1993, 117–120)
Starl, Timm. Biobibliografi e zur Fotografi e in Österreich 1839 bis
1945, 1998ff (wird regelmäßig aktualisiert) http://alt.albertina.
at/d/fotobibl/einstieg.html.
Starl, Timm. Lexikon zur Fotografi e in Österreich 1839 bis 1945,
Wien: Album, Verlag für Photographie, 2005.
Faber, Monika. “Stallburg und Altes Burgtheater. Eine Daguerreo-
typie von Andreas von Ettingshausen aus dem Jahr 1840,” in
Fotogeschichte, Heft 77, Jahrgang 20, 2000, p. 15-24.VON GLOEDEN, BARON WILHELM
(1856–1931)
Born Volkshagen Castle, Wismar, Germany, Baron
von Gloeden contracted tuberculosis and moved to
Taormina, Sicily c. 1879 and indulged a life of leisure
until the family lost its fortunes at the instigation of
Kaiser Wilhelm II. Forced to fi nd money, von Gloe-
den turned his interest in photography into a business
in 1888. Reputedly taught by his cousin, Wilhelm
Plüschow (1852–1930) who had a studio in Naples from
the 1870s, and Francesco Paolo Michetti, tourist prints
soon gave way to collectors photographs of the male
nude set in the landscape of antiquity, but created out
of fi n-de-siécle aestheticism. For a society still devoted
to the Greek Ideal, he brought the myth to life, although
his depictions were more Arcadian than Homeric. He
achieved critical and fi nancial fame and his photogra-
phy entered the mainstream of European society. Using
local peasant youths to create his ephebes, he opened
savings accounts for his models and allocated royalties.
Il Barone Fotografi co was much loved in Sicily, until