I 12
INDEX
Carte-de-visite (continued)
as democratic artefact, 281
status as circulating commodity, 281–282
volume, 281
characterized, 276
cost, 467
Denmark, 410
development, 21–22
Disdéri, André-Adolphe-Eugène, 276, 277,
280, 418–419, 420, 689
egalitarian aesthetic, 277
Finland, 531
format, 276–277
Great Britain, 609
Hermagis, Hyacinthe, 276
London Stereoscopic Company, 872
Marion and Company, 893
mass reception of images, 689
Mayall, John Jabez Edwin, 908, 909
Mayer and Pierson Company, 910
middle class, 431
Nadar, 971, 972, 974
Netherlands, 988
of notorious villains, 1143
origins, 276
patents, 276, 420
photographic markets, 897
photographic practices, 1089–1090
photographic studios, expansion in number,
277
portraits, price, 1101
Portugal, 1151
postmortem photography, 1166
props, 277
refi ned bourgeois poses, 277
retouching, 1190
Reutlinger, Charles, 1191, 1192
royal photography, 280
eulogizing intimacy of personal insight,
281
volume, 281
Russian Empire, 1228
Spain, 1326
stereo cameras, 257
stereotyped false background, 277
Taylor, A. & G., 1381
in turning photography into mass medium,
276
uniformity of representation, 277
Vance, Robert H., 1440
Veress, Ferenc, 1442
Victoria, Queen of England, 1448
wanted posters, 10
Cartoons, 724–725
composite, 725
Cartridge Kodak, 225
Carvalho, Solomon N., 947–948
Case, John G., 165
Cased objects, 277–279, 278
brass mats, 278
coverings, 277–278
decoration, 278
early casemakers, 278
embossing service, 278
evolution, 277
fabric covered, 277
frame, compared, 277
makers’ names, 278
mass-market commodity, 277
Morocco leather, 277
new materials, 278
thermoplastic cases, 278–279
union cases, 278–279
Cases, 431, see also Union cases
ambrotypes, 952
black mourning cases, 1166
collodion positives on glass, 952
daguerreotypes, 1088
tintypes, 1088
Casler, Herman, motion picture inventor, 279
Catalogues, 9
Cathedral photography, Evans, Frederick
Henry, 504–507
Cathode rays, 1517
Cazneaux, Harold, 860
Celanotypes, 1156
Celebrity photography, 279–283
affective relationship, 279
America, 280, 281
Barnett, Walter H., 116–117
Bassano, Alexander, 117–118
books illustrated with photographs, 190
Brady, Mathew B., 280
camera’s double form of permeability, 282
Cameron, Julia Margaret, 258–260
carte-de-visite, 280, 281, 419
collecting, 280
as democratic artefact, 281
status as circulating commodity, 281–282
volume, 281
collective agency, 279
copyright, 282–283
Elliott & Fry, 479–480
Galerie Contemporaine, 567–568
Genthe, Arnold, 577
Great Britain, 609–610
photographic piracy, 610
growth of popular entertainment industry,
282
Lafayette, James, 814
Maull & Co., 904–905
Mayall, John Jabez Edwin, 908
Meade, Charles Robert, 915
publications, 279–280
reproduction as engravings, 280
Reutlinger, Charles, 1191–1192
role in constitution of celebrity, 282
Sayers, Tom, 282
sitter’s price, 282
Thumb, General Tom, 282
Vallou de Villeneuve, Julien, 1435
Watkins, Herbert, 1479
Celestial charts, 90
Celloidin process, photographic paper, 1052
Celluloid roll fi lm, 1207
invention, 599
patents, 599
Central America, 283–286
Muybridge, Eadweard James, 968
railroad photography, 283
stereography, 284
Cephas, Kassian, 740
Ceramic photographs, 954
Cerolein process, Geoffray, Stéphane, 577, 578
Ceylon, 286–287
construction photography, 1270
Scowen, Charles T., 1260
Skeen, William Louis Henry, 1270
Chaffour, M., fi rst fl ash bulb, 1416
Champion, Paul, China, 294
Changing box, 243
Channel Isles, Collie, William, 313
genre portraits, 313
Charbon-Velours, 556, 557, 1157
Charcoal printing process, 583
Charcot, Jean-Martin, 288
French physician, 288
medical photography, 288Chardin, Jean-Baptiste-Siméon, 1344
Charles, Aubrey, botanical photography, 195
Charles, Clifford, 539
Charles Taber & Co., see Taber, Charles & Co.
Charnay, Claude-Joseph-Désiré, 288
anthropological photography, 288
explorer, 288
itinerant photographers, 288
Chauffour, Ignace, 311–312
Chauffourier, Gustavo Eugenio, 288
itinerant photographers, 288
Rome, 288
Chauvassaigne, Frank, 336
Chemical compounds, absorption spectra, 2
Chemical development
photographic processes used in, 413
reagents, 413
silver halide, 413
Chemical News, Crookes, Sir William, 350
Chemistry, Bunsen, Robert Wilhelm, 229
The Chemistry of Light and Photography in
their Application to Art, Science and
Industry (Vogel, Hermann Wilhelm),
181–182
Cheney, Robert, 269
Cherrill, Nelson K., 1203
Cheung Mee, 294
Chevalier, Charles Louis, 288–290
earliest cameras, 244
lenses, 289
microscopes, 289
opticians, 288–290
Chevalier, Jacques Louis-Vincent, 288–290
microscopes, 288–290
opticians, 288–290
Chevreul, Michel-Eugène, 290
color theory, 290
fi rst photo interview, 290
French scientist, 290
Child, Thomas, 290–291
British engineer, 290
China, 290–291
Peking, 291
Children
baby photography, 898
nude studies, 1014–1015
portraits, 1484
postmortem photography, 1165
Rejlander, Oscar Gustav, 1188
Wehnert-Beckmann, Bertha, 1484
Children, John, 93–94
Children’s books, 192–193
Chile, 291–292
North American photographers active in,
291
photojournalism, 291–292
railroad photography, 291–292
women photographers, 292
China, 292–295
Beato, Felice, 128–129, 293–294
Burger, Wilhelm Joseph, 294
Champion, Paul, 294
Child, Thomas, 290–291
earliest recorded reference to photography,
292
early photography, 1283
ethnographic photography, 502
Floyd, William Pryor, 537
Freeman, Orrin Erastus, 554
Jocelyn, William Nassau, 777
Lai Afong, 815
most signifi cant Chinese photographer of
19th century, 815
Miller, Milton, 294