210. Notes- Quran 8:16-17.
- Quran 2:194, 252; 5:65; 22:40-42.
2 DEVELOPMENT (pages 41 to 77)
- Quran 49:12.
- Quran 9:106-7.
- Little is known about the early Shiah. We do not know for certain
whether Ali's male descendants really were revered by a group of
mystically inclined Shiis, or whether this history was projected back
on to the early imams after the line had become extinct, and when
"Twelver Shiism" received definitive form. - Quran 2:234; 8:2; 23:57-61.
- The origins of "Sevener" or Ismaili Shiism are obscure. The story of
the sect's fidelity to Imam Ismail may have developed after the theol-
ogy of "Twelver Shiism" was finally formulated, to give justification
for the Ismaili position. Seveners, who were usually politically active,
may have originally been "Zaydis," i.e., Shiis who followed the exam-
ple of Zayd ibn Ali, the brother of the Fifth Imam, and believed that
Muslims had a duty to lead armed revolts against an unjust regime.
3 CULMINATION (pages 81 to 111)
- The Ismaili dynasty in Cairo is often called the "Fatimid" dynasty,
because, like the Twelvers, Ismailis venerated imams who were di-
rect descendants of Ali and Fatimah, the Prophet's daughter. - Quran 2:109.
- Al-Muqaddimah, quoted in Youssef M. Choueiri, Islamic Fundamental-
ism (London, 1990), 18.
5 ISLAM AGONISTES (pages 141 to 187)
- The theory of Velayat-i Faqih had been discussed by jurists before,
but was little known and had always been considered eccentric and
even heretical. Khomeini made it central to his political thought
and later it became the basis of his rule in Iran. - Quran 2:178; 8:68; 24:34; 47:5.
- Quran 48:1.
- Joyce M. Davis, BetweenJihadand Salaam: Profiles in Islam (New York,
1997), 231.