21 2. Suggestions for Further ReadingALGAR, Hamid, Religion and State in Iran, 1785-1906 (Berkeley, 1969)
BAYAT, Margol, Mysticism and Dissent: Socioreligious Thought in Qajar Iran
(Syracuse, NY, 1982)
ESPOSITO, John, Islam, the Straight Path (rev. ed., Oxford and New York,
1998)
(ed.), The Oxford History of Islam (Oxford, 1999)
GABRIELI, Francesco, Arab Historians of the Crusades (trans. E. J. Costello,
London, 1984)
HODGSON, Marshall G. S., The Ventureof Islam: Conscience and History in a
World Civilization, 3 vols. (Chicago and London, 1974)
HOURANI, Albert, A History of the Arab Peoples (London, 1991)
HOURANI, Albert, with Philip S. Khoury and Mary C. Wilson (eds.), The
Modern Middle East (London, 199 3)
KEDDIE, Nikki R (ed.), Scholars, Saints and Sufis: Muslim Religious Institu-
tions in the Middle East since 1500 (Berkeley, Los Angeles and London,
1972)
(ed.), Religion and Politics in Iran: Shiismfrom Quietism to Revolution
(New Haven and London, 1983)
LAPIDUS, Ira }A.,A History of Islamic Societies (Cambridge, 1988)
LEWIS, Bernard, The Arabs in History (London, 1950)
, Islam from the Prophet Muhammad to the Capture of Constantinople, 2
vols. (New York and London, 1976)
, Thefews of Islam (New York and London, 1982)
, The Muslim Discovery of Europe (New York and London, 1982)
, The Middle East 2000 Years of History from the Rise of Christianity
to the Present Day (London, 1995)
MAALOUF, Amin, The Crusades Through Arab Eyes (London, 1984)
MOMEN, Moojan, An Introduction to Shi'i Islam: The History and Doctrines of
Twelver Shiism (New Haven and London, 1985)
MOTTAHEDEH, Roy, The Mantle of the Prophet Religion and Politics in Iran
(London, 1985)
NASR, Seyyid Hosain, Ideals and Realities of Islam (London, 1966)
PETERS, F. E., The Hajj: The Muslim Pilgrimage to Mecca and the Holy Places
(Princeton, 1994)
, Mecca: A Literary History of the Muslim Holy Land (Princeton,
1994)
PETERS, Rudolph, Jihad in Classical and Medieval Islam (Princeton,
1996)
RA HMAN, Fazlur, Islam (Chicago, 1979)