Islam : A Short History

224. Index

Mecca, pre-Islamic (conl):
taken by the Prophet, 23
under Uthman, 32
forbidden to non-Muslims, 103
Medina, 14, 20-21, 24-25
under Uthman, 31 -33
under Ali, 33-34
under Umayyads, 37, 43; 48, 59
forbidden to non-Muslims, 103;
136
Mehmed II (the Conqueror), 110, 130
Mesopotamia, 11 7
Mina, 11
Moghul Empire, 115, 116,124-28
Mongols, 96-102
11-Khans, 97
Chaghatay, 96, 106
White Horde, 97
Golden Horde, 97, 107
convert to Islam, 98
influence, 100, 101
decline, 106, 109
monotheism, 8, 13, 18, 75, 125
Morocco, 135, 148, 183
Moses, 8, 17, 69
Mosul, 93
Muawiyyah I, Caliph, 32, 34—36,41,
42-43, 46,47, 48, 58
Muawiyyah II, Caliph, 44
Mubarak, President, 184
Muddaris, Ayatollah, 159
Muhammad ibn Abdallah (the
Prophet):
revelation on Mount Hira, 3-4
reveals Quran, 4-5
and first Muslims, 5, 6, 10, 12,
13-14
Quraysh opposition, 12-14
makes hijrah to Medina, 14
changes qiblah to face Mecca, 18
battles against Mecca, 18-22
takes Mecca, 22-23

death, 23

succession, 49

against coercion, 8, 10

his wives, 15-16

attitude to Jewish tribes, 16-17,

20-22

asceticism, 31, 46, 56, 74

as archetype, 24, 61

Ismaili view of, 69-70

insulting made capital offence,

103

and Middle Way, 186

Muhammad Ali, Pasha, 150-1, 158

Muhammad al-Baqir (Fifth Imam),

56-57

Muhammad, Elijah, 177

Muhammad, Shah of Khwarazmian

Turks, 96

Muhammad Reza Shah, 159, 161,

173

Mujamah (Islamic Congress), 156,

184

mujdadid, 103-4

Mulkum Khan, Mirza, 149

Murad I, 109

Murjites, 48

Musa al-Kazim, 69

Muslim (haditb collector), 60

Muslim Brotherhood, 155, 158-59,

162, 169,184, 185

Muslims in Britain, 176

Muslims in France, 176, 181

Muslims in United States, 177

Mutasim, Caliph al-, 63

Mutazilites, 47-48, 57-58, 62-63, 64,

72

Mutawakkil, Caliph al-, 68

Muttawattah, Al- (Ibn Anas), 59

Muzdalifah, 11

Nadir tribe, 20

Nadir Khan, 123