pratı ̄tya-samutpa ̄da chain of dependent causation or co-arising in early
Buddhism.
pratya ̄ha ̄ra control of the senses; sense perceptions of the world, which tend
to cause illusory images of reality.
pucca literally, ripe or complete.
pudgala person; notion posed by the Va ̄tsiputrı ̄ya Buddhists as being similar
to, but not the same as, skandhas.
pu ̄ja ̄ honor, respect, or hospitality given to a deity, guru, king, or icon; the
ritual activity of offering honor.
pu ̄ja ̄ri priest; in Jainism, temple “servant.”
pur
̄
am (T) Tamil poetic orientation that refers to city life and the social
order (see also: akam).
pura ̄n.a literary form, primarily mythological texts retelling the activities or
lives of the gods.
purdah (A) veiling or covering of Islamic women in public; a symbol of
“purity.”
purus.a man, male, spirit (see also: prakr.ti).
ra ̄ga “tune”; color; redness; passion, vehement desire, love, affection.
ra ̄ janya “kings” who later became ks.atriyas.
ra ̄ jara ̄ja “king of kings.”
rajas one of three strands/qualities of which the universe is comprised (see
also:sattva,tamas).
ra ̄jasu ̄ya ritual coronation of a king.
ra ̄ ja yoga the “king” of yogas, it is concerned directly with the mind.
rasa flavor, taste, or essence; become “moods” through which the body can
become congruent with the cosmos, i.e., through the arts.
r.ta (rita)“cosmic order”; in the Vedas, it is the god Varun.a who maintains
r.ta; (see also: dharma).
ru ̄pa form or beauty.
s ́abda (shabda)sound, word, voice, or noise; also a philosophical means of
knowing through inner-understanding taught by S ́an.kara.
sagun.a with qualities/form/attributes.
s ́akta (shakta)follower of s ́akticult.
s ́akti (shakti)power, ability; female active energy of a deity.
sama ̄ dhi trance; highest level of concentration in yoga; in Jainism, “release”
which occurs when the jı ̄vaspredominate over ajı ̄vas.
sa ̄ man “conciliation” or “appeasement”; strategy of artha.
Sa ̄m.khya number or enumeration by categories; a way of wisdom, according
to the Gı ̄ta ̄; name of a philosophical school of yoga.
samn.ya ̄si (sam-nyasi)ascetic; final stage of the Four Stages of Life (a ̄s ́ramas).
samsa ̄ra eternal cyclicality of life processes; “flow” or “flux” of life;
transmigration, perpetual succession of births, cycle of existence with all
its sorrows.
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