Suggested Answers and Hints - Chapter 7the copy in C while the foot of the chain is in v as in (3). The thematic verb also
moves, to adjoin to the passive morpheme, which is the position it ends up in, as it
cannot support another bound morpheme.
(3) [CP havej [IP you tj [vP ever[vP tj [vP bek+en [VP tk to Paris]]]]]]
In the sentence What did you give to John? we have an interrogative sentence. In
interrogative sentences there are usually chains, one formed by the movement of the
interrogative pronoun, the other one is the movement of the modal auxiliary verb to the
position immediately preceding the subject DP. The interrogative pronoun is
interpreted as the object DP of the verb, it is in VP in D-structure. The interrogative
pronoun has to move to the initial position of the sentence forming a chain whose head
is the pronoun in the first position of the sentence and the foot of the chain is its trace
in VP. In this sentence there is no modal auxiliary present, did does not move to C but
is inserted there as a dummy form, since the verb cannot move to that position. Other
movements, however, do happen: the subject DP moves from vP to IP to be assigned
Case, and the lexical verb moves to the light verb in vP and then to tense v and I. The
derivation is in (4).(4) [CP Whatj did [IP youk givel [vP tl [vP tk tl [VPtj tl to John]]]]]
In the sentence In the park, John met Mary the PP adjunct in the park is right-
adjoined to VP in D-structure as in declarative sentences the PP follows the verb and
its complement(s). In this sentence the PP undergoes movement and gets adjoined to
some initial projection of the sentence leaving a trace in the vP-adjoined position as in
(5). The head of the chain formed by the movement of the PP is the copy of the PP
adjoined to IP. The foot of the chain is the base position of the PP adjoined to vP in D-
structure. The lexical verb meet moves to v, tense v and I, the subject DP moves to
Spec,IP.
(5) [IP In the parki [IP Johnk metj [vP tj [vP tk tj Mary tj ti]]]]Exercise 8
(1) a. *Up the letter John tore.
b. The letter, John tore up.
(2) a. *Whose did you meet mother?
b. Whose mother did you meet?
(3) a. *Friends were financially supported of the President.
b. Friends of the President were financially supported.
(4) a. *The fact surprised everybody that he had resigned.
b. The fact that he had resigned surprised everybody.
(i) The contrast between sentences (1a) and (1b) suggests that the constructions
up and the letter do not form a constituent. Only those items can be moved as one unit
that form a constituent. The DP the letter and the particle up do not form a PP.
Otherwise sentence (1a) would be grammatical but the particle and the DP is part of
VP, which includes the verb, as well