Glossarywhere for is used not as a preposition but as a prepositional
complementiser.) The complement of a CP is an IP, the specifier
position is occupied by moved wh-elements or whether.
complex transitive verb: a verb with a nominal and a prepositional complement,
e.g. put (the newspaper on the desk)
compound noun: two nouns put together to form a single noun, e.g. homework.
constituency test: a test for deciding whether a certain string of words is a
constituent or not, e.g. coordination, preposing, extraposition,
substitution etc.
constituent: a linguistic expression that functions as a unit in grammatical structure. A
group of words that undergo syntactic processes together.
control: a term related to the interpretation of PRO. E.g. in the sentence I
promised [PRO to visit her] the constituent I controls PRO, gives reference
to it. See also subject control, object control, arbitrary reference.
coordinating conjunction: elements connecting clauses or phrases on the same
level: and, or and but
coordination: one of the constituency tests where two elements of the same type are
put together to form a single element using a coordinating conjunction.
The coordinated element acts like the two coordinated elements would
individually.
coreference: when two or more referential phrases pick out the same entity in the
world they are said to be coreferential. Coreference is indicated by
coindexation: Peteri thinks that hei has every reason to be proud of
himselfi.
count noun: a noun that shows number distinction, e.g. one book/two books.
covert: invisible, without phonological realisation but still having grammatical
function
CP: see Complementiser Phrase
dative alternate: see dative construction.
dative construction: an alternative to the verb–indirect object–direct object
construction where the indirect object appears in the form of a PP: I gave
an apple to Peter as opposed to I gave Peter an apple.
daughter: an immediate constituent of a node which then is the mother node.
declarative clause: a positive or negative statement mainly used to convey
information.
D(eep)-structure: the structure before movement takes place, a representation of
thematic relations.
defining relative clause: see restrictive relative clause.
definite determiner: a determiner like the or this that turns a nominal expression
into a definite DP.
definiteness: a category expressing whether a nominal expression is identifiable or
not. In the sentences A man was walking in the park with a dog. The man
sat on a bench and the dog ran away first we have indefinite individuals but
in the second sentence they can already be identified from the context.
Identification can also come from the situation or our knowledge of the
world (the Sun).