so became a spiritual refuge to monks, novices, and lay people
for the rest of his long life. He was a man whose life was a bright,
shining example from beginning to end – a life of virtue that
should definitely be considered an excellent model for people in
this day and age. His meditation methods were extremely rigorous,
his spiritual development of the highest caliber. The kilesas never
had a chance to overrun his heart, for he systematically destroyed
them until not a single one remained. So much so that he was
acknowledged by his close disciples and those revering him to be
a present-day Arahant.
The spiritual benefits that he bestowed upon the world were
always in line with the principles of mindfulness and wisdom –
from the initial stages of practice to the very highest level, his
teaching never deviated from the true way of Dhamma. Inter-
nally, he was very astute at judging the character and tempera-
ment of his students. Externally, he was very clever in the way he
gave assistance to people in every strata of society, from simple
hill tribes people to urban intellectuals. Even when nearing death,
he did not abandon his natural compassion for others. When a
student with a problem in his practice went to seek assistance, he
kindly made an effort to discuss the issue until all doubts had been
allayed. All his disciples received some piece of farewell advice
from him to carry in their hearts forever. Having been fortunate
enough to meet such a supreme individual and having whole-
heartedly accepted him as their one true refuge, they were confi-
dent that they had not lived their lives in vain. Many of his senior
disciples were able to establish themselves firmly in the principles
of Dhamma. By virtue of their own spiritual development, they
also became ãcariyas passing on the teaching to their students,
jacob rumans
(Jacob Rumans)
#1