10 Leaders The Economist January 15th 2022
are protected from foreign competition are more likely to treat
customers shabbily. If you want to rein in Facebook, the most
credible challenger is TikTok, from China (see Schumpeter). An
economy in which politicians and big business manage the flow
of subsidies according to orthodox thinking is not one in which
entrepreneurs flourish.
The last problem is cronyism, which ends up contaminating
business and politics alike. Firms seek advantage by attempting
to manipulate government: already in America the boundary is
blurred, with more corporate meddling in the electoral process.
Meanwhile politicians and officials end up favouring particular
firms, having sunk money and their hopes into them. The urgeto intervene to soften every shock is habitforming. In the past
six weeks Britain, Germany and India have spent $7bn propping
up two energy firms and a telecoms operator whose problems
have nothing to do with the pandemic.
This newspaper believes that the state should intervene to
make markets work better, through, for example, carbon taxes to
shift capital towards climatefriendly technologies; r&dto fund
science that firms will not; and a benefits system that protects
workers and the poor. But the new style of bossy government
goes far beyond this. Its adherents hope for prosperity, fairness
and security. They are morelikelyto end up with inefficiency,
vested interests and insularity.nM
embers of parliamentsharedtheirownandtheircon
stituents’ tragic stories: separation from loved ones in
their final hours; illnesses suffered in solitude; mourning alone
at gravesides. On January 12th, after days of junior ministers be
ing shoved in front of microphones to defend the indefensible,
Boris Johnson at last apologised to Parliament. What brought
him to this point was the latest in a string of lockdown breaches
by the prime minister and his allies: an impromptu party for
in the garden of Number 10. It was held on May 20th 2020, when
Britons could go out only for essential work and solitary exer
cise; or to meet just one person, socially distanced and outdoors.
Mr Johnson’s apology was carefully worded to suggest that,
monklike and ascetic, he never comprehended that the braying
throngs knocking back bucketloads of booze in his garden con
stituted a party rather than work. And isn’t fresh air a good way
to limit infections? After he spoke, one opposition mp after an
other pressed him to resign. To each Mr John
son repeated that he commiserated with the
suffering, regretted his misjudgment, wished
things had been otherwise and advised every
one to wait for the findings of an inquiry.
Nothing in Mr Johnson’s public or profes
sional life suggests that the burden of con
science will trouble him enough for him to step
down (see Bagehot). Some furious Tory mps
have called publicly for him to go. However, although many
must be frightened of paying the price at the ballot box for his
hypocrisy and selfishness, the party is still quite a way from en
gineering a vote to replace him. Yet the country needs him
gone—and not just because he has misled the House of Com
mons and flouted his own government’s rules, but because Brit
ain is about to face a tumultuous period, and with a weak, un
popular leader, it is illplaced to thrive.
After two pandemicbattered years, more misery is looming
(see Britain section). Every country’s healthcare system is
creaking, but the nhs, which is poorly managed and short of ca
pacity, is close to collapse. Before the next general election wait
inglists for treatments could reach 13m, or one Briton in five.
Inflation is also a problem, because of Brexitinduced labour
shortages and trade frictions. Household energy bills are expect
ed to rise in the next few months by 50%. On top of all that, payrolltaxesareduetoincreaseby1.25percentage points. Britain is
not alone in suffering from blocked supply chains and higher
energy prices. Other countries also need to raise taxes to pay for
an ageing population. But the pain will be worse than elsewhere
because of past policy mistakes, including a poorly designed
and unstable retailenergy market, as well as underfunded so
cial care. All this adds up to a costofliving squeeze that will be
greater than any most Britons have seen in their adult lives.
It is too late to avoid much of this. But a good leader could
soften the blows, lift spirits and plan for better. Mr Johnson is
the opposite of what is required. Voters chose him in 2019 be
cause the alternative, Jeremy Corbyn, was farleft, antiSemitic
and chaotic, and because Mr Johnson promised to leave the
European Union. But above all they thought he was a welcome
change from the divisions presided over by the uncharismatic
Theresa May. Here was someone who would help Britons re
member the fight over Brexit as a jolly good
jape. His fellow mps neither liked nor trusted
him, but thought he was an electionwinner.
Two years later, Mr Johnson looks cynical
and heartless—and an electoral liability. Minis
ters are staying away from Parliament, or keep
ing silent. Backbenchers are turning from na
tional questions to focus on their pet obses
sions or saving their seats. Even the appearance
of consensus within the party is starting to fracture, as mps in
safe seats in prosperous areas pull in one direction and those
from poorer constituencies that voted Labour until Brexit pull in
another. Wouldbe candidates for the top job are plotting and
posturing. Since they include Rishi Sunak, the chancellor, and
Liz Truss, the foreign secretary, the chaos will consume the great
offices of state.
Meanwhile, a country that ripped up its constitutional order
to pursue the dream of Brexit lacks a government with the will,
discipline, direction and power to chart a new course. Festering
problems, such as Britain’s worsening relations with the euand
tensions in Northern Ireland, will go unresolved. Longprom
ised and urgently needed legislation, including planning reform
and measures to boost growth outside London, will be delayed
and watered down, and will ultimately stall. Britainchose a par
ty animal for its leader. Now comes the hangover.nWith Boris Johnson clinging on as prime minister, Britain is in for a rough rideParty animal
British politics