FURTHER READING
Andis Caulins, Stars, Stones and Scholars: Th e Decipherment of the
Megaliths as an Ancient Survey of the Earth by Astronomy (Vic-
toria, B.C., Canada: Traff ord, 2003).
Marshall Clagett, Ancient Egyptian Science: A Source Book, vol. 3,
Ancient Egyptian Mathematics (Philadelphia: American Philo-
sophical Society, 1999).
Cliff ord D. Conner, A People’s History of Science: Miners, Mid-
wives, and “Low Mechanicks” (New York: Nation Books,
2005).
Alan Cromer, Uncommon Sense: Th e Heretical Nature of Science
(New York: Oxford University Press, 1993).
Moustafa Gadalla, Egyptian Cosmology: Th e Animated Universe
(Greensboro, N.C.: Tehuti Research Foundation, 2001).
D. C. Heggie, Megalithic Science: Ancient Mathematics and As-
tronomy in North-West Europe (London: Th ames and Hudson,
1981).
Constance B. Hilliard, ed., Intellectual Traditions of Pre-Colonial
Africa (Boston: McGraw-Hill, 1998).
Narendra Kumar, Science in Ancient India (New Delhi: Anmol Pu-
lications, 2004).
James E. McClellan and Harold Dorn, Science and Technology in
Worl d Hi stor y: An Int roduc tion, 2nd ed. (Baltimore: Johns
Hopkins University Press, 2006).Joseph Needham, Science and Civilisation in China (New York:
Cambridge University Press, 1996–2004).
T. E. R i h l l, Greek Science (Oxford and New York: Oxford University
Press, 1999).
Peter Schmidt, Iron Technology in East Africa: Symbolism, Science,
and Archaeology (Bloomington: Indiana University Press,
1997).
John Staller, Robert Tykot, and Bruce Benz, Histories of Maize (Bur-
lington, Mass.: Academic Press, 2006).
Robert Temple, Th e Genius of China: 3,000 Years of Science, Discov-
ery and Invention (London: Prion Books, 1998).
Dick Teresi, Lost Discoveries: Th e Ancient Roots of Modern Sci-
ence—from the Babylonians to the Maya (New York: Simon
and Schuster, 2002).
Gloria Th omas-Emeagwali, ed., Science and Technology in African
History: With Case Studies from Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Zimba-
bwe, and Zambia (Lewiston, N.Y.: Edwin Mellen Press, 1992).
Ivan Van Sertima, ed., Blacks in Science: Ancient and Modern (Lon-
don: Transaction, 1983).
Wolfram von Soden, Th e Ancient Orient: An Introduction to the
Study of the Ancient Near East, trans. Donald G. Schley (Grand
Rapids, Mich.: Eerdmans, 1994).
Anthony Kennedy Warder, A Course in Indian Philosophy (Delhi,
India: Motilal Banarsidass Press, 1998).Th ese propositions, of course, were always true of these
fi gures, but they were hidden to the men who studied
geometry before my time. Th erefore, since I have
discovered that these things hold true of these fi gures
I do not fear to place them alongside my own previous
results and the most thoroughly established theorems
of Eudoxus, such as: any pyramid is equal to one-third
of the prism of the same base and height, and any cone
is equal to one-third of the cylinder of the same base
and height.First Postulate. Supposed that a fl uid is of such
a character that when its component parts are
undisturbed and in immediate contact the part which is
subject to the less pressure is moved by the part which
is subject to the greater pressure; and that each part is
forced in a perpendicular direction by the part above, if
the fl uid is compressed.Proposition 1. If a surface is always cut by a plane
passing through a given point, and if the section thus
formed is always a circle whose center is the given point,
the surface is that of a sphere.Proposition 2. Th e surface of any still fl uid is always
the surface of a sphere whose center is the center of the
earth.Proposition 3. Th ose solids which are of the same weight
as a fl uid in proportion to their size, when sunk in that
fl uid will be submerged in such a way that they neither
extend above that fl uid nor sink below it.
Proposition 4. A solid which is lighter than a given fl uid
will not sink below the surface when placed in that fl uid,
but part of it will extend above the surface.
Proposition 5. A solid lighter than a given fl uid will,
when placed in that fl uid, be so far submerged that the
weight of the solid will be equal to the weight of the
fl uid displaced.
Proposition 6. If a solid lighter than a given fl uid be
forced into that fl uid the solid will be driven upwards
again by a force which is equal to the diff erence between
the weight of the fl uid and the weight of the amount of
fl uid displaced.
Second Postulate: If a solid lighter than a given fl uid rest
in that fl uid the weight of the solid to the weight of an
equal volume of the fl uid will be as the part of the solid
which is submerged is to the whole solid.From: Oliver J. Th atcher, ed., Th e Library
of Original Sources, Vol. 3, Th e Roman
World (Milwaukee, Wisc.: University
Research Extension Co., 1907).science: further reading 9510895-1194_Soc&Culturev4(s-z).i951 951 10/10/07 2:30:32 PM