Encyclopedia of Society and Culture in the Ancient World

1268 Index

Nile River agriculture 20–21 climate and geography 234, 239 exploration 444–445 health and disease 548 migration and population movements 696 sacred sites 899 t ra nspor tat ion 1112–1113 Nile River valley agriculture 16, 17 borders and frontiers 141, 14 2 ceramics and pottery 176 cities 204 climate and geography 238, 240, 241, 241m hunting, fi shing, and gath- ering 572, 573 settlement patterns 963, 964 Nile silt 176 Nilometer 241 Nilo-Saharan group 610 Nimlot (king of Hermopolis) 1123, 1124 nin (Mespotamian political leader) 1085 Nine Bows 484–485 Nineteenth Dynasty (Egypt) 394 Nineveh cities 213 sacred sites 900 Nippur 214 Niuheliang, China 216 Njoro River Cave 313 Noah 778 Noah’s ark 247 nobility 1015, 1022, 1025, 1028, 1036 Nok civilization adornment 4 art 91–92 ceramics and pottery 175–176 craft s 285 government organization 511 metallurgy 678 mining, quarrying, and salt making 742 occupations 808 religion and cosmology 835 social collapse and aban- donment 999 nomadic and pastoral societ- ies 786–797 Africa 786–788, 787f Americas 796–797 Asia and the Pacifi c 791– 792, 792m economy 344 Egypt 788–789

Europe 792–794 Greece 794–795 Middle East 789–791 migration and population movements 701–704, 715 Rome 795–796 settlement patterns 964 social organization 1011– 1012 nomarchs government organization 514 resistance and dissent 871 nomes climate and geography 242 government organization 514 nomoi 628 noncitizens 528, 530. See also helots Non Nok Th a site 32 Nordic Bronze Age 499 Nordic mythology 499 Nordic people exploration 441–442 festivals 467 Noricum 407 North Africa agriculture 18–19, 43, 44 climate and geography 264 government organization 509–510 migration and population movements 690, 691 North America architecture 86–87 climate and geography 264–266 economy 372 government organization 538–539 military 736 towns and villages 1094 war and conquest 1153– 1154 Northeast Trade Winds 237 nozzles, lamp 590 Nubia. See also Kush art 90 ceramics and pottery 175, 176 cities 204 climate and geography 239–240, 243–244 craft s 285 education 377 empires and dynasties 390–391 foreigners and barbarians 485 household goods 562 metallurgy 678 migration and population movements 691, 695–697 military 725–726

nomadic and pastoral soci- eties 786 occupations 809 religion and cosmology 834–835 resistance and dissent 870 roads and bridges 883–885 sacred sites 898 social collapse and aban- donment 1001 textiles and needlework 1074, 1075 trade and exchange 1096 war and conquest 1123, 1130 Numantia 717 Numa Pompilius (king of Rome) astronomy 132 empires and dynasties 413 numbers and counting 797–806 Africa 798–799 Americas 805–806 Asia and the Pacifi c 801–802 Egypt 799–800, 799f Europe 802–803 Greece 803–805, 804f Middle East 800–801 Rome 805 sports and recreation 1047 weights and measures 1172–1173 Numidia 509–510 numismatics 367 nun 899, 900 nutrition 555 nuts and seeds 575 Nyos, Lake 776

O oars seafaring and navigation 955, 959 ships and shipbuilding 974, 978 oarsmen 981 oasis climate and geography 242 roads and bridges 884 Oaxaca architecture 85 empires and dynasties 419, 420 Oaxaca valley 892 obelisks architecture 53–54, 59 calendars and clocks 165 death and burial practices 313 obi 9 oblates 988 obols 365

observatories, astronomical astronomy 124 calendars and clocks 173 science 925, 932 obsidian mining, quarrying, and salt making 750 trade and exchange 1107 occupations 807–818 Africa 808–809 Americas 817–818 Asia and the Pacifi c 811–813 economy 375 education 382 Egypt 809–810, 810f employment and labor 428, 431, 434–435 Europe 813–814, 814f Greece 814–816, 815f Middle East 810–811 Rome 816 –817 slaves and slavery 991 Oceania art 104, 105 building techniques and materials 155 climate and geography 251 clothing and footwear 277 economy 355 employment and labor 430 government organization 524 inventions 598 migration and population movements 706f money and coinage 756–757 religion and cosmology 844 social organization 1027 war and conquest 1140 ocher death and burial practices 312 , 316 religion and cosmology 833 sacred sites 898 Octavian (emperor of Rome). See also Augustus Caesar empires and dynasties 415 government organization 533 ships and shipbuilding 982 odeion 224 Odin 852 Odrysian Kingdom (Th race) 1031 Odyssey (Homer) climate and geography 257, 258, 262, 263 death and burial practices 320, 326 economy 363–364 exploration 442

1235-1286_SocCultAnctWrld-v4_idx1268 1268 10/10/07 3:32:26 PM

Encyclopedia of Society and Culture in the Ancient World

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