Encyclopedia of Society and Culture in the Ancient World

(Sean Pound) #1
1270 Index

painting
art 88, 94–95, 100–103,
105, 110, 115
ceramics and pottery 178
household goods 561
Pakistan. See Harappan civi-
lization
Palace civilization. See Myce-
naean Age
palace complex 213, 214, 216,
217
palace of Xerxes 1019f
palaces
architecture 53–55, 62–64
government organization
515
military 730
palaestrae 75
palanquin 1119
Palatine Hill
cities 226
empires and dynasties 413
Paleo-Indian Period
death and burial practices
321
gender structures and roles
503
nomadic and pastoral soci-
eties 796
Paleo-Indians 719f, 720–722
Paleolithic
building techniques and
materials 157
climate and geography 242
death and burial practices
318
economy 359
household goods 565–566
inventions 599
settlement patterns 969
Palermo stone 239
Palestine
empires and dynasties 400
foreigners and barbarians
490
migration and population
movements 717
social organization 1018
palestra 80
palla 281
pallium 281
Pampas 268
pana 757
Panathenaia 890
pandaka 498
pandemics and epidemics
819–829
Africa 820–821, 820f
Americas 828–829
Asia and the Pacifi c
823–824
Egypt 821–822
Europe 824–825
Greece 825–827, 826f
Middle East 822–823, 822f
Rome 827–828

panegyric 653–654
Panhellenic shrines
religion and cosmology
855
sacred sites 904, 905
pankration 1055
Panlongcheng 216
panpipes 772
Pantanal marshland 268
Pantheon (architecture) 79
pantheon (of gods) 836, 858
pantomime 338
paper
art 103
inventions 592, 594,
598–599
papyrus
education 377
hunting, fi shing, and gath-
ering 575
literature 647
science 928
writing 1189–1191
papyrus reed 21
Paracas culture
adornment 14
art 122
astronomy 134
children 197
clothing and footwear 283
death and burial practices
323
family 457
religion and cosmology
866
textiles and needlework
1084
Paraíso, El 86
parallelism (poetry) 665
Paraná River 268
parasites
health and disease 548,
551, 555
pandemics and epidem-
ics 825
parching 22
parchment 1188, 1190, 1191
Paris (Roman actor) 337
parks 230
Parthenon 489
Parthenon Marbles 111
Parthian Empire
borders and frontiers 143
empires and dynasties 401
social organization 1022–
1023
war and conquest 1134–
1136, 1135f
pasaka 1052
pastoralism. See also nomadic
and pastoral societies
agriculture 38
children 192
economy 367
hunting, fi shing, and gath-
ering 573

migration and population
movements 702–703
religion and cosmology
834
Patagonia 268–269
patella 184
paterfamilias
family 447, 456
health and disease 553
religion and cosmology
858, 859
social organization 1035
paternity 450
patowa 1040, 1041
patres et conscripti 531
patria potestas
family 456
gender structures and roles
502
patricians
government organization
531, 532
resistance and dissent 879
social organization 1036–
1037
Patrick of Ireland, Saint
children 194
slaves and slavery 990
patrilineage
empires and dynasties 421
family 448
gender structures and roles
494
patrons 1037
Paul, Saint 486
Pausanias 271
paved 883, 886
pawnship 986
payment in kind 351, 352
peanuts 482
peasants
economy 355, 356
employment and labor
429, 435
occupations 812
scandals and corruption
912
slaves and slavery 989
social organization 1025
peculium 993
pecuniary 346
pedagogues 196, 197
Pedanius Dioscorides of
Anazarbus 554
pedestrians 1119
Peiligang culture 31
Peisistratus (tyrant of Athens)
410
Peloponnese 259
Peloponnesian War
empires and dynasties 411
military 733
pandemics and epidem-
ics 826
war and conquest 1148
pelts 1167

pemmican 482
Pengtoushan 30
pentathlons 1055
Pen-ta-ur 1156–1158
Pepi I (king of Egypt)
art 94, 97
empires and dynasties 392
natural disasters 776
scandals and corruption
910
peplos 280f, 281
pepper 479
pepper pot 478f
percussion 763, 764, 772
peret 240
perfumes 4, 8, 11–12
Pergamum 413. See also Tu r -
key
Periander (tyrant of Corinth)
empires and dynasties 410
resistance and dissent 877
Pericles
ceramics and pottery 183
empires and dynasties 411
foreigners and barbarians
489
government organization
529
social collapse and aban-
donment 1006
Pericles (Plutarch) 292
perioikoi
foreigners and barbarians
488
social organization 1034
Periphus of the Erythraean
Sea, Th e 1108–1109
periplous
exploration 442
seafaring and navigation
953, 960
peristyles 81
permafrost 264
Persephone 320
Persepolis
architecture 63f, 64
cities 214
textiles and needlework
1078 f
weights and measures
1175 f
Persia. See also Achaemenid
Dynasty
art 1 00
calendars and clocks 167
climate and geography
245–246
clothing and footwear 276,
277
crime and punishment
299
economy 354–355
education 380
empires and dynasties
400, 401
employment and labor 428

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