Encyclopedia of Society and Culture in the Ancient World

(Sean Pound) #1
Index 1271

foreigners and barbarians
485
illumination 587
laws and legal codes 625
migration and population
movements 701–702
military 728f
music and musical instru-
ments 766
religion and cosmology
843–844
science 931–932
settlement patterns 967
social organization 1022
t ra nspor tat ion 1114
war and conquest 1130
Persian Empire. See Achaeme-
nid Dynasty
Persian Gulf 1099
Persian Royal Road 246
Persian Wars 73, 1147
Persian Wars, Th e (Herodo-
tus)
empires and dynasties 424
family 459
gender structures and roles
504
Peru
art 121
death and burial practices
323
government organization
538
natural disasters 783
religion and cosmology
865–866
sacred sites 908
science 949
social collapse and aban-
donment 1009
textiles and needlework
1084 f
petasos 281
Petrie, Flinders 207
petroglyphs
adornment 4
art 90f
hunting, fi shing, and gath-
ering 573
t ra nspor tat ion 1111f
petroleum 746
Pet ronius A rbiter 1109–1110
Phaenomena (Aratus)
astronomy 132
science 944
phalanx formation
military 733, 734
war and conquest 1132,
1148, 1150, 1151
weaponry and armor
1168–1170
pharaohs 623
Pharaonic Period
economy 347
family 449
money and coinage 753

Pharisees 380
Pharos Lighthouse
cities 209, 226
seafaring and navigation
960
Pharos of Alexandria 591
Phidias 112
Philip II (king of Macedon)
cities 225
empires and dynasties
409, 412
government organization
528
scandals and corruption
916
war and conquest 1148,
1149
Philippines
ceramics and pottery
180 –181
climate and geography
250
clothing and footwear 277
government organization
523
inventions 598
nomadic and pastoral soci-
eties 791
Philistines 700
philosophy
literature 660
science 943
Phocis 259
Phoenician alphabet
inventions 597
language 612–613
writing 1186, 1189
Phoenicians
economy 353–354
empires and dynasties
388–390
exploration 436, 439
migration and population
movements 700
mining, quarrying, and
salt making 744
seafaring and navigation
952–953, 955
textiles and needlework
1074, 1078
writing 1186
phonograms
inventions 594–595
writing 1184, 1185
Phratries 1032–1033
Phrynichus 878
Phylae 1033–1034
physicians
employment and labor
433, 433f, 434
health and disease 547,
548, 550, 552, 554
occupations 815
pandemics and epidemics
826–827
science 926, 927, 941–944

physics 938, 946–947
pi (calculation of ) 934
Piankhi (king of Kush)
1123–1124
pickling 1064
pictograms 377
pictographs 594–595
Pict warriors 9
piece mold casting 681–682
pigments, mineral
art 89, 94
ceramics and pottery
178–179
pigs
agriculture 26, 38
nomadic and pastoral
societies 788
pillar edict 1188f
pillars 124
Pillars of Hercules 442
pilot 956
Pindar of Th ebes
literature 658
sports and recreation
1058–1059
Pingliangtai 216
pins/brooches 9
pipe organ 769, 772
Piper nigum 479
pipes
music and musical instru-
ments 765, 769
religion and cosmology
862–863
pirates/piracy
occupations 815
seafaring and navigation
959, 960
pit(s)
death and burial practices
315 –317
hunting, fi shing, and
gathering 579
storage and preservation
1062, 1063, 1067, 1069
pit-grave culture 703
pithoi
architecture 74
storage and preservation
1067
pit houses 162
Piye 726
plagues
health and disease 554
pandemics and epidemics
822, 823
Plains Indians 773
planetary movements 939
planets
astronomy 126
religion and cosmology
842
Plantago lanceolata 256
plant domestication 596
planting 21
plant materials 288

plants
clothing and footwear 272
hunting, fi shing, and gath-
ering 575, 578
inventions 596
occupations 808
plasterwork, decorative 116
Plataea 259
platform
architecture 86
building techniques and
materials 161, 162
death and burial practices
317, 323
platform mounds 818
platform pipe 119
Plato
adornment 11
children 195
climate and geography
257
craft s 292
government organization
528
inventions 600
literature 660, 672–673
natural disasters 781
religion and cosmology
856
science 939
settlement patterns 970
textiles and needlework
1082
war and conquest 1145
Plautus, Titus Maccius
clothing and footwear 272
drama and theater 335
plays/playwrights 328,
334–335
plazas 86
pleats 281
plebeians
empires and dynasties
414
government organization
531–533
resistance and dissent 879
social organization 1037
Pleiades star cluster 129, 134
Pleistocene Epoch. See also
ice age
building techniques and
materials 157
climate and geography
254–255
settlement patterns 969
Pliny the Elder
a r t 113, 115
astronomy 133
climate and geography
270–271
literature 664
mining, quarrying, and
salt making 749
pandemics and epidem-
ics 827

1235-1286_SocCultAnctWrld-v4_idx1271 1271 10/10/07 3:32:26 PM

Free download pdf