Encyclopedia of Society and Culture in the Ancient World

Index 1273

Proto-Germanic language 616 Proto-Sinaitic script 1186, 1189 proto-writing 1183 proverbs 641 provinces borders and frontiers 140 climate and geography 242 economy 354 government organization 514 proyet/peret 21 prytaneion 224 prytaneis cities 224 government organization 528 psephismata 628 Ptah-hotep 631–633, 643, 644 Ptolemaic Dynasty climate and geography 242 drama and theater 330 empires and dynasties 413 migration and population movements 697 money and coinage 754 religion and cosmology 837 settlement patterns 965f social collapse and aban- donment 1006 Ptolemy I (king of Egypt) cities 209, 225 empires and dynasties 396, 401, 413, 697 social collapse and aban- donment 1001 war and conquest 1130 Ptolemy II (king of Egypt) cities 209 literature 642, 659 Ptolemy III (king of Egypt) cities 209 empires and dynasties 396 literature 659 seafaring and navigation 953 Ptolemy VI (king of Egypt) 396 Ptolemy XV (king of Egypt) 396 Ptolemy of Alexandria astronomy 131–132 exploration 436, 443 science 945 puberty children 189 gender structures and roles 502 publicani 369, 370 public baths architecture 80–81 cities 228 sports and recreation 1056 towns and villages 1093

public buildings architecture 73 building techniques and materials 161 economy 368, 370 public crimes 301, 304 public fi nance 366 public land 368 public workers 432 pueblos 265 Pukará 233 pulla 282 pumps 601 Punic language 613 Punic Wars migration and population movements 715 resistance and dissent 870–871 ships and shipbuilding 974–975 social organization 1036 punishment. See crime and punishment Punt empires and dynasties 394 migration and population movements 692 seafaring and navigation 953 purdah 278 purifi cation rites death and burial practices 313 religion and cosmology 837–838 science 927 pututus 339 Pygmies employment and labor 425–426 exploration 436 food and diet 473 migration and population movements 692, 693 sacred sites 899 pyramid(s) architecture 55–58, 83–85 astronomy 124 building techniques and materials 152–154 calendars and clocks 164 craft s 286 death and burial practices 312 , 312f, 314 empires and dynasties 392 employment and labor 435 inventions 596, 604 migration and population movements 695 settlement patterns 964 pyramid cults 207 Pyramid of Cestius 321

Pyramid of the Feathered Serpent death and burial practices 323 government organization 537–538 Pyramid of the Moon architecture 83, 84 astronomy 133 cities 231, 232 employment and labor 435 Pyramid of the Sun architecture 83, 84 astronomy 133 building techniques and materials 161–162 employment and labor 435 sacred sites 907 Pyramid Texts astronomy 125 literature 645 natural disasters 776 religion and cosmology 836 Pyrenees Mountains 235 pyrotechnology 181 Pyrrhus (king of Epirus) migration and population movements 715 war and conquest 1151 Pythagoras 130–131 Pythagoreans 131 Pythagorean theorem astronomy 131 science 935–937 Pytheas of Massilia 443

Q Qadesh, battle of. See Kadesh, battle of qanats 29 qenbet 987 qin 766–767 Qin Dynasty architecture 67 calendars and clocks 168 death and burial practices 317 economy 356 empires and dynasties 404–405 employment and labor 429 government organization 520 literature 651, 652 military 730 money and coinage 757, 758 music and musical instru- ments 766 resistance and dissent 874 scandals and corruption 913

social collapse and aban- donment 1003 war and conquest 1137 writing 1187 Qin Shi Huangdi (emperor of China) art 103 cities 217 drama and theater 332 economy 355–356 empires and dynasties 404–405 government organization 520 health and disease 550 laws and legal codes 626 literature 651, 652 religion and cosmology 847, 848 scandals and corruption 913 social organization 1024, 1025 quadremes 974, 982 quaestors 532, 534 quantifi cation 798 quarries mining, quarrying, and salt making 745, 750 trade and exchange 1106 quarry 885 queens 1021 quern 26 Qufu 217 quilted linen 1164 quinoa agriculture 47 food and diet 482 quinqueremes 974, 982 Quirinalia 470 Qu Yuan festivals 466 resistance and dissent 874

R Ra religion and cosmology 836 sacred sites 900 racing 1047 radiocarbon dating xxvi, 253 Ra expeditions foreigners and barbarians 484 ships and shipbuilding 975 raft s ships and shipbuilding 976, 984 t ra nspor tat ion 1111 raids military 731, 736 war and conquest 1122 rainfall 265 rain forests 268 rain god 46

1235-1286_SocCultAnctWrld-v4_idx1273 1273 10/10/07 3:32:26 PM

Encyclopedia of Society and Culture in the Ancient World

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