Index 1273
Proto-Germanic language
616
Proto-Sinaitic script 1186,
1189
proto-writing 1183
proverbs 641
provinces
borders and frontiers 140
climate and geography 242
economy 354
government organization
514
proyet/peret 21
prytaneion 224
prytaneis
cities 224
government organization
528
psephismata 628
Ptah-hotep 631–633, 643, 644
Ptolemaic Dynasty
climate and geography 242
drama and theater 330
empires and dynasties 413
migration and population
movements 697
money and coinage 754
religion and cosmology
837
settlement patterns 965f
social collapse and aban-
donment 1006
Ptolemy I (king of Egypt)
cities 209, 225
empires and dynasties
396, 401, 413, 697
social collapse and aban-
donment 1001
war and conquest 1130
Ptolemy II (king of Egypt)
cities 209
literature 642, 659
Ptolemy III (king of Egypt)
cities 209
empires and dynasties 396
literature 659
seafaring and navigation
953
Ptolemy VI (king of Egypt)
396
Ptolemy XV (king of Egypt)
396
Ptolemy of Alexandria
astronomy 131–132
exploration 436, 443
science 945
puberty
children 189
gender structures and roles
502
publicani 369, 370
public baths
architecture 80–81
cities 228
sports and recreation 1056
towns and villages 1093
public buildings
architecture 73
building techniques and
materials 161
economy 368, 370
public crimes 301, 304
public fi nance 366
public land 368
public workers 432
pueblos 265
Pukará 233
pulla 282
pumps 601
Punic language 613
Punic Wars
migration and population
movements 715
resistance and dissent
870–871
ships and shipbuilding
974–975
social organization 1036
punishment. See crime and
punishment
Punt
empires and dynasties
394
migration and population
movements 692
seafaring and navigation
953
purdah 278
purifi cation rites
death and burial practices
313
religion and cosmology
837–838
science 927
pututus 339
Pygmies
employment and labor
425–426
exploration 436
food and diet 473
migration and population
movements 692, 693
sacred sites 899
pyramid(s)
architecture 55–58, 83–85
astronomy 124
building techniques and
materials 152–154
calendars and clocks 164
craft s 286
death and burial practices
312 , 312f, 314
empires and dynasties
392
employment and labor
435
inventions 596, 604
migration and population
movements 695
settlement patterns 964
pyramid cults 207
Pyramid of Cestius 321
Pyramid of the Feathered
Serpent
death and burial practices
323
government organization
537–538
Pyramid of the Moon
architecture 83, 84
astronomy 133
cities 231, 232
employment and labor
435
Pyramid of the Sun
architecture 83, 84
astronomy 133
building techniques and
materials 161–162
employment and labor
435
sacred sites 907
Pyramid Texts
astronomy 125
literature 645
natural disasters 776
religion and cosmology
836
Pyrenees Mountains 235
pyrotechnology 181
Pyrrhus (king of Epirus)
migration and population
movements 715
war and conquest 1151
Pythagoras 130–131
Pythagoreans 131
Pythagorean theorem
astronomy 131
science 935–937
Pytheas of Massilia 443
Q
Qadesh, battle of. See Kadesh,
battle of
qanats 29
qenbet 987
qin 766–767
Qin Dynasty
architecture 67
calendars and clocks 168
death and burial practices
317
economy 356
empires and dynasties
404–405
employment and labor 429
government organization
520
literature 651, 652
military 730
money and coinage 757,
758
music and musical instru-
ments 766
resistance and dissent 874
scandals and corruption
913
social collapse and aban-
donment 1003
war and conquest 1137
writing 1187
Qin Shi Huangdi (emperor of
China)
art 103
cities 217
drama and theater 332
economy 355–356
empires and dynasties
404–405
government organization
520
health and disease 550
laws and legal codes 626
literature 651, 652
religion and cosmology
847, 848
scandals and corruption
913
social organization 1024,
1025
quadremes 974, 982
quaestors 532, 534
quantifi cation 798
quarries
mining, quarrying, and
salt making 745, 750
trade and exchange 1106
quarry 885
queens 1021
quern 26
Qufu 217
quilted linen 1164
quinoa
agriculture 47
food and diet 482
quinqueremes 974, 982
Quirinalia 470
Qu Yuan
festivals 466
resistance and dissent 874
R
Ra
religion and cosmology
836
sacred sites 900
racing 1047
radiocarbon dating xxvi, 253
Ra expeditions
foreigners and barbarians
484
ships and shipbuilding 975
raft s
ships and shipbuilding
976, 984
t ra nspor tat ion 1111
raids
military 731, 736
war and conquest 1122
rainfall 265
rain forests 268
rain god 46
1235-1286_SocCultAnctWrld-v4_idx1273 1273 10/10/07 3:32:26 PM