Index 1275
Romania 107
Roman Republic
art 114
cities 228
clothing and footwear 278
empires and dynasties 414,
415
employment and labor
433, 434
family 456
food and diet 480
foreigners and barbarians
489
government organization
531–532
health and disease 553
migration and population
movements 715
religion and cosmology
859–861
scandals and corruption
916
social organization 1035–
1037
towns and villages 1093
Rome
adornment 12–13, 12f
agriculture 29, 40–45,
44 f, 51
architecture 78–82, 80f
a r t 113–118, 117f
astronomy 132–133, 137
borders and frontiers
147–148
building techniques and
materia ls 160 –161, 160f
calendars and clocks
171–172
ceramics and pottery
183–185, 184f
children 194, 196–197,
196 f
cities 226–230, 227f
climate and geography
235, 260–264
clothing and footwear
272–273, 281–282
death and burial practices
320–321, 326
drama and theater 328,
335–338, 336m, 337 f
economy 366–371, 368f,
371 m
education 384–385, 385f
empires and dynasties 387,
413–418
employment and labor
433–434, 433f
exploration 443–445, 444f
family 456–457
festivals 469–470, 469f
food and diet 480–481
foreigners and barbarians
489–490
gender structures and roles
501–503
government organization
508, 530–534, 541–542
health and disease 553–
555, 554f
household goods 568–569,
569 f
hunting, fi shing, and gath-
ering 580–581
illumination 590–592
inventions 601–603, 602f
language 618–619
laws and legal codes 629–
630, 636–638
literature 660–665,
673–674
metallurgy 685–686
migration and population
movements 715–719
military 734–735, 739–740
mining, quarrying, and
salt making 749–750
money and coinage
760–762
music and musical instru-
ments 770–772
natural disasters 781–782
numbers and counting
805
occupations 816 –817
pandemics and epidemics
827–828
religion and cosmology
858–861
resistance and dissent
879–881
roads and bridges 883,
890–891
sacred sites 905–907
scandals and corruption
916 –918, 920 –921
science 941–946
seafaring and navigation
959–960
settlement patterns
971–972
ships and shipbuilding
982–983
slaves and slavery 993–994
social collapse and aban-
donment 1006–1008
social organization 1035–
1039
sports and recreation
1055–1057, 1059–1060
storage and preservation
1069–1070
textiles and needlework
1082–1083
towns and villages 1093–
1094
trade and exchange 1105–
1107, 1109–1110
t ra nspor tat ion 1118–1119
war and conquest
1142–1145, 1149–1153,
1159–1160
weaponry and armor
1169–1170
weights and measures
1180 –1181
writing 1190–1192
“Rome at the End of the Punic
Wars” (Polybius) 541–542
Romulus and Remus
cities 226
sacred sites 905, 906
roofs
architecture 66–67, 70–71,
74 , 77
building techniques and
materials 151, 157
Rosetta Stone 623f
roundhouses 71
royal 209
Royal Cemetery of Ur
art 98–99
death and burial practices
315
Royal Library of Alexandria
209, 225, 226
Royal Road (Persian Empire)
1114
rubber 604
rudders 598
runes
literature 655
religion and cosmology
852
writing 1188, 1189
running 1047, 1048, 1050,
1054
rushlights 589
S
Sabaeans
migration and population
movements 692
social organization 1021
Sabbath 592
sabers 1165
“Sacred Marriage” 330
sacred numbers 803
sacred sites 897–908
Africa 897–899
Americas 907–908
Asia and the Pacifi c
901–902
Egypt 899–900
Europe 902–904
Greece 904–905
Middle East 900–901
religion and cosmology
839 f
Rome 905–907
sacred texts 327
sacrifi ce(s)
death and burial practices
316, 317, 323
health and disease 551
music and musical instru-
ments 771
nomadic and pastoral soci-
eties 795
religion and cosmology
841, 842, 847, 852, 853,
855, 860
war and conquest 1155
sacrifi ce, human
children 192, 198
religion and cosmology
832, 847–848, 852, 853,
864
slaves and slavery 986, 994
saddles
inventions 598
t ra nspor tat ion 1119
war and conquest 1142
saff ron dye 1083
sagas 654
Sahara
agriculture 16, 17
art 89
climate and geography
236 f, 237, 238
clothing and footwear 273
hunting, fi shing, and gath-
ering 572
migration and population
movements 690–691, 695
nomadic and pastoral soci-
eties 787
social collapse and aban-
donment 999
war and conquest 1122
Saharan Africa 510
Sahel
climate and geography 237
towns and villages 1086
trade and exchange 1096
Sahlins, Marshall 35
Sahure (king of Egypt) 953,
954
sailing vessels 976
sailors 954, 955
sails 955, 959
Saint Lawrence River 265
Saite Dynasty 485
Saka people 705. See also
Scythia
sakkia 240
sales tax 370
salt
climate and geography 256
economy 345, 346, 374
food and diet 475
mining, quarrying, and
salt making 743, 744,
747–750
salt bag 743f
salting 1062, 1066–1069
salvation 311
Samaritan lamps 587
Samhain 467
Samudragupta (emperor of
India) 402
san 277
sanatorium 822
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