1276 Index
sand 548
sandals
clothing and footwear 272,
273, 275–277, 275f, 279,
281, 282
inventions 598
sandal-sole gorget 119
Sand Reckoner, Th e
(Archimedes of Syracuse)
astronomy 131
numbers and counting
804
sandstone
building techniques and
materials 152
climate and geography 243
mining, quarrying, and
salt making 742, 743
sanitation
cities 218
death and burial practices
311
health and disease 545,
548, 553, 555
San Lorenzo
architecture 82–85
art 119
building techniques and
materials 161
cities 231
economy 372
empires and dynasties 419
government organization
536
social collapse and aban-
donment 1009
San people. See Bushmen
Sanskrit
language 613–614
literature 650, 651
Santorini Island 260. See also
Th era Island
San tribe 273
Sapelo Island Shell Rings 87
Sappho
education 384
gender structures and roles
501
literature 658
saqiya 19, 28, 44
sarcophagi. See also coffi ns
death and burial practices
314, 321
social collapse and aban-
donment 1001f
Sardinia
agriculture 43
climate and geography
263
natural disasters 780
Sargon I (king of Akkad)
art 99
borders and frontiers
14 2–143
cities 212
economy 352, 358
empires and dynasties 387,
397, 423
exploration 438, 439
government organization
517
inventions 597
war and conquest 1122,
1131, 1132
Sargon II (king of Assyria)
architecture 63, 65
art 100
cities 213
death and burial practices
315
empires and dynasties 399
ships and shipbuilding
978
sari 278
Sassanian Dynasty
architecture 64–65
art 100
military 729
social organization 1022
war and conquest 1136
sastras 625
satrapies
economy 354
government organization
518–519
Saturnalia 470
Saturnian verse 661
Satyricon (A rbiter) 1109–1110
satyr plays 334, 335
Saul (king of Israel) 400
savannas 962, 963
saws 749–750
Scaevola, Quintus Mucius
630
scale armor 1164
scales (musical)
music and musical instru-
ments 763, 770
weights and measures
1179
scandals and corruption 534,
908–921
Africa 909–910
Americas 918–919
Asia and the Pacifi c
912–914
Egypt 910–911
Europe 914–915
Greece 915–916, 919–920
Midd le East 911–912
Rome 916 –918, 920 –921
Scandinavia
climate and geography
253, 255
drama and theater 333–
334
exploration 441–442
gender structures and roles
499
inventions 600
religion and cosmology
851, 852
ships and shipbuilding
980
t ra nspor tat ion 1116
writing 1188
scarves 278
schenti 274
schistosomiasis
health and disease 546,
548
pandemics and epidem-
ics 821
schoolmasters 382
schools
education 376–381, 384
government organization
521
science 921–951
Africa 922–925
Americas 946–950
Asia and the Pacifi c
932–935
Egypt 925–929, 950
Europe 935–937
Greece 937–941, 950–951
inventions 597
Middle East 929–932
Rome 941–946
Scipio Aemilianus 443, 444f
Scipio the Elder 414
Scorpion (king of Egypt)
economy 346
empires and dynasties 392
foreigners and barbarians
484
resistance and dissent 871
roads and bridges 884
Scotland
architecture 70, 73
sports and recreation 1053
screws 600
scribal schools
children 190
education 378–379
scribes
education 377, 380
literature 647
occupations 818
social organization 1017
writing 1188
script 328
scrolls 1191
sculpture(s). See also relief
carvings/sculpture
adornment 4
architecture 82
art 88, 90–92, 95–96, 98,
101–103, 110–112, 114,
119–122
empires and dynasties 419
employment and labor 434
scutum 1170
Scylax 442–443
scytale 601
Scythia. See also Saka people
government organization
524
migration and population
movements 705
nomadic and pastoral soci-
eties 791
t ra nspor tat ion 1115 –1116
sea 1117
seafaring and navigation
952–961
Africa 952–953
Americas 960–961
Asia and the Pacifi c
955–956
astronomy 132
climate and geography
235, 257–258
economy 354
Egypt 953–954
Europe 956–957
Greece 957–959
Middle East 954–955
Rome 959–960
t ra nspor tat ion 1111
seafood 575
sea ling 911, 912
seals of ownership 597
Sea Peoples
migration and population
movements 700
ships and shipbuilding 978
war and conquest 1129
seashells, as money 355
seasons
festivals 466, 467
seafaring and navigation
958
sea trade 357
Sechín Alto 121
secondary burials 316, 322
Second Dynasty (Egypt)
art 94
children 190
craft s 286
empires and dynasties 392
Second Intermediate Period
(Egypt)
climate and geography 240
craft s 286
empires and dynasties 393
nomadic and pastoral soci-
eties 789
social collapse and aban-
donment 1000
war and conquest 1123
Second Punic War
borders and frontiers 145
economy 367
empires and dynasties 389,
390, 408
government organization
509
war and conquest 1152
Second Triumvirate 415
secret societies 622
“Secular Hymn, Th e” (Hor-
ace) 673–674
sedation 550
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