Index 1279
government organization
527
health and disease 554
occupations 814
social organization 1028
Solomon (king of Israel)
architecture 54
empires and dynasties 391,
400
employment and labor 428
literature 641
religion and cosmology
835
scandals and corruption
909
social organization 1022
Solomon’s Temple 901
Solon
agriculture 39
crime and punishment
302
death and burial practices
319
laws and legal codes 628
social organization 1032
solstice
astronomy 128
festivals 467
science 939
Song Dynasty 767
songs 641
sophists 384
Sophocles
climate and geography 257
drama and theater 334,
335
Soranus of Ephesus
children 196
family 455
sorceress 845
sorcery 622
sorghum 18, 19
Sosigenes 171
Sotho-Venda people 494
souterrains 157
South Africa 18
South America
architecture 85–86
art 121–122
children 197
cities 233
climate and geography 268
economy 375
foreigners and barbarians
491
migration and population
movements 721–722
nomadic and pastoral soci-
eties 797
sacred sites 907
science 949
slaves and slavery 995
social collapse and aban-
donment 1009
textiles and needlework
1083
towns and villages 1095
war and conquest 1155
South China Sea 441
Southeast Asia
agriculture 32
climate and geography 250
government organization
523
literature 651
music and musical instru-
ments 768
Southeast Trade Winds 237
Southwestern United States
47–48
sowing game 1048
soybean 30
Spain
art 107
climate and geography
263
Sparta
agriculture 39
children 195
cities 225
climate and geography 259
clothing and footwear 281
craft s 292
education 384
empires and dynasties
411–412
foreigners and barbarians
488, 489
gender structures and roles
501
government organization
527, 529–530
literature 658
military 733
natural disasters 781
social organization 1034
trade and exchange 1105
war and conquest 1147–
1148
“Spartan Creed, Th e” (Tyr-
taeus) 658
“Spartan War Machine, Th e”
(Xenophon) 738–739
spear launchers 576–577
spearmen 1134
spears 1161, 1164, 1165,
1167–1171
spear thrower 1167f, 1171
spectator sports 1047, 1050,
1051, 1055
speeches 662
sphinx 96
spices
food and diet 474, 475,
479, 481
storage and preservation
1067
spindles 1075, 1077, 1080–
1082
spindle whorls 361
spinning 1080
Spirit Cave 321
spirits
cities 226
health and disease 550
science 922
splicing (weaving) 1076
spoked wheels 1114, 1115,
1117
Spondylus shells 295
spoons 562
sports and recreation 1047–
1061
Africa 1047–1048
Americas 1057–1058,
1060–1061
Asia and the Pacifi c 1051–
1052
Egypt 1048–1050
Europe 1053
games 1047–1050, 1052,
1056–1058
Greece 1054–1055, 1058–
1059
hunting, fi shing, and gath-
ering 580
inventions 604
Middle East 1050–1051
Rome 1055–1057, 1059–
1060
spouting bowls 933
sprang (weaving technique)
1080
Spring 466
Spring and Autumn Period
(China)
empires and dynasties
403
war and conquest 1136–
1137
springs, healing 551
square roots 928
squash
agriculture 45, 46, 48
food and diet 482
Sri Lanka
economy 359
empires and dynasties 406
exploration 445
health and disease 550
trade and exchange 1101
Srivijaya (Malay) kingdom
523
stage 328, 335
staircases 85
standardization
money and coinage 755,
759
weights and measures
1179–1181
Standard of Ur 213
standing stones 902
stars 128, 131
starvation 545
stasis 877
state
borders and frontiers
14 4 –145
empires and dynasties 418
government organization
536
state-level society 231
statesmen 1036
statues
art 88, 111, 112
death and burial practices
317
metallurgy 686
religion and cosmology
832
status 1034–1035
steam turbine 433
steatite seals 1100f
steatite vase 293f
steganography 1190
stelae
art 91, 99, 120, 122
astronomy 123–124
drama and theater 338,
339
laws and legal codes 624
literature 645
nomadic and pastoral soci-
eties 789
stellar year 166
steppe cultures 708–709
Step Pyramid at Saqqara
architecture 56–57
empires and dynasties 392
step pyramids 314
stewards 810
stirrup
inventions 598
t ra nspor tat ion 1115 –1116
stirrup bottle 570
stoa 75
Stoics 943
stola 281, 282
stone
building techniques and
materials 150–155, 157,
159
craft s 291
household goods 562,
567 f, 570
mining, quarrying, and
salt making 741
Stone Age
calendars and clocks 169
children 192
natural disasters 780
stone ball 1162f
stone carvings
art 106
religion and cosmology
849
stone circles
astronomy 124
sacred sites 898
Stonehenge
astronomy 130
mining, quarrying, and
salt making 746
sacred sites 902–903
1235-1286_SocCultAnctWrld-v4_idx1279 1279 10/10/07 3:32:27 PM