Encyclopedia of Society and Culture in the Ancient World

Index 1279

government organization 527 health and disease 554 occupations 814 social organization 1028 Solomon (king of Israel) architecture 54 empires and dynasties 391, 400 employment and labor 428 literature 641 religion and cosmology 835 scandals and corruption 909 social organization 1022 Solomon’s Temple 901 Solon agriculture 39 crime and punishment 302 death and burial practices 319 laws and legal codes 628 social organization 1032 solstice astronomy 128 festivals 467 science 939 Song Dynasty 767 songs 641 sophists 384 Sophocles climate and geography 257 drama and theater 334, 335 Soranus of Ephesus children 196 family 455 sorceress 845 sorcery 622 sorghum 18, 19 Sosigenes 171 Sotho-Venda people 494 souterrains 157 South Africa 18 South America architecture 85–86 art 121–122 children 197 cities 233 climate and geography 268 economy 375 foreigners and barbarians 491 migration and population movements 721–722 nomadic and pastoral soci- eties 797 sacred sites 907 science 949 slaves and slavery 995 social collapse and aban- donment 1009 textiles and needlework 1083

towns and villages 1095 war and conquest 1155 South China Sea 441 Southeast Asia agriculture 32 climate and geography 250 government organization 523 literature 651 music and musical instru- ments 768 Southeast Trade Winds 237 Southwestern United States 47–48 sowing game 1048 soybean 30 Spain art 107 climate and geography 263 Sparta agriculture 39 children 195 cities 225 climate and geography 259 clothing and footwear 281 craft s 292 education 384 empires and dynasties 411–412 foreigners and barbarians 488, 489 gender structures and roles 501 government organization 527, 529–530 literature 658 military 733 natural disasters 781 social organization 1034 trade and exchange 1105 war and conquest 1147– 1148 “Spartan Creed, Th e” (Tyr- taeus) 658 “Spartan War Machine, Th e” (Xenophon) 738–739 spear launchers 576–577 spearmen 1134 spears 1161, 1164, 1165, 1167–1171 spear thrower 1167f, 1171 spectator sports 1047, 1050, 1051, 1055 speeches 662 sphinx 96 spices food and diet 474, 475, 479, 481 storage and preservation 1067 spindles 1075, 1077, 1080– 1082 spindle whorls 361 spinning 1080 Spirit Cave 321

spirits cities 226 health and disease 550 science 922 splicing (weaving) 1076 spoked wheels 1114, 1115, 1117 Spondylus shells 295 spoons 562 sports and recreation 1047– 1061 Africa 1047–1048 Americas 1057–1058, 1060–1061 Asia and the Pacifi c 1051– 1052 Egypt 1048–1050 Europe 1053 games 1047–1050, 1052, 1056–1058 Greece 1054–1055, 1058– 1059 hunting, fi shing, and gath- ering 580 inventions 604 Middle East 1050–1051 Rome 1055–1057, 1059– 1060 spouting bowls 933 sprang (weaving technique) 1080 Spring 466 Spring and Autumn Period (China) empires and dynasties 403 war and conquest 1136– 1137 springs, healing 551 square roots 928 squash agriculture 45, 46, 48 food and diet 482 Sri Lanka economy 359 empires and dynasties 406 exploration 445 health and disease 550 trade and exchange 1101 Srivijaya (Malay) kingdom 523 stage 328, 335 staircases 85 standardization money and coinage 755, 759 weights and measures 1179–1181 Standard of Ur 213 standing stones 902 stars 128, 131 starvation 545 stasis 877 state borders and frontiers 14 4 –145

empires and dynasties 418 government organization 536 state-level society 231 statesmen 1036 statues art 88, 111, 112 death and burial practices 317 metallurgy 686 religion and cosmology 832 status 1034–1035 steam turbine 433 steatite seals 1100f steatite vase 293f steganography 1190 stelae art 91, 99, 120, 122 astronomy 123–124 drama and theater 338, 339 laws and legal codes 624 literature 645 nomadic and pastoral soci- eties 789 stellar year 166 steppe cultures 708–709 Step Pyramid at Saqqara architecture 56–57 empires and dynasties 392 step pyramids 314 stewards 810 stirrup inventions 598 t ra nspor tat ion 1115 –1116 stirrup bottle 570 stoa 75 Stoics 943 stola 281, 282 stone building techniques and materials 150–155, 157, 159 craft s 291 household goods 562, 567 f, 570 mining, quarrying, and salt making 741 Stone Age calendars and clocks 169 children 192 natural disasters 780 stone ball 1162f stone carvings art 106 religion and cosmology 849 stone circles astronomy 124 sacred sites 898 Stonehenge astronomy 130 mining, quarrying, and salt making 746 sacred sites 902–903

1235-1286_SocCultAnctWrld-v4_idx1279 1279 10/10/07 3:32:27 PM

Encyclopedia of Society and Culture in the Ancient World

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