Index 1283Tswana people 898, 899
Tuareg people 273
tuberculosis
health and disease 548,
555
pandemics and epidem-
ics 828
tubers 473
Tukulti-ninurta I (king of
Assyria)
empires and dynasties 399
military 729
Tullus Hostilius (king of
Rome)
empires and dynasties 413
employment and labor
433
tumuli 849
tunics 272, 273, 276–279, 281,- See also exomis; kala-
siris; léine; peplos
t’un-t’ien 440
Tu r k e y. See also Pergamum
migration and population
movements 701
money and coinage 757
turquoise 743
Tutankhamun (king of Egypt)
architecture 58
art 97
empires and dynasties 394
illumination 585
weaponry and armor 1163
tutors
children 196, 197
education 378
Tw e l ft h Dynasty (Egypt)
empires and dynasties 393
exploration 437–438
Twelve Labors of Heracles 578
Twelve Tables (legal code)
adornment 13
crime and punishment
307
laws and legal codes 629,
636–638
slaves and slavery 993
Twentieth Dynasty (Egypt)
cities 208
craft s 287
laws and legal codes 624
trade and exchange 1097
Tw e n t y- F i ft h Dynasty (Egypt)
climate and geography 240
crime and punishment
298
empires and dynasties 391
war and conquest 1124
Twenty-Sixth Dynasty (Egypt)
climate and geography
242
craft s 287
twill weave 1082
Types of Women, Th e (Se-
monides) 505–506
typhon 780
tyrants
empires and dynasties
410–411
government organization
527–528
Ty r e 10 78
Ty r i a n p u r p l e
economy 345
textiles and needlework
1083
trade and exchange 1097
Tyrtaeus 658U
Uaxactún 85
Ubaid culture 178
Ugaritic script 1186
uji 430
Ukraine 107
Ulfi las 1189
Ullastret 222
Uluru 901
umiaks 983, 984
undulant fever 825
Únĕtice culture 107, 108
United States 47–48. See also
Americas
Upper Egypt
climate and geography
239–241
government organization
514
migration and population
movements 695
Upper Nile River 1086
Upper Paleolithic
economy 361
migration and population
movements 702
Ur
art 98–99
cities 212–213
climate and geography 245
empires and dynasties 397
inventions 597
sacred sites 900
Urartu 353
urban planning 206–207, 213,
223, 224, 229–230, 232, 233
Urewe ware 176
urinary 549
Ur-Nammu (king of Ur)
architecture 62
cities 213
crime and punishment 299
death and burial practices
315
empires and dynasties 397
Urnfi eld Period 709
urns 318, 320
Ur of the Chaldees 213
uru 211, 212, 218
Uruk
architecture 62
art 98borders and frontiers 142
ceramics and pottery 178,
179
cities 201, 211, 212
education 378
social organization 1020
t ra nspor tat ion 1113–1114
war and conquest 1131
writing 1185–1186
Urukagina, Code of
crime and punishment
299
laws and legal codes 624
Uruk III-IV Period 428
ushabtis 286, 287
utensils 561, 565, 568
uttariya 278V
Vague Year (calendar) 173
Vaishya caste
economy 358
social organization 1024
Valentinian I (emperor of
Rome) 417
Valentinian III (emperor of
Rome) 418
Valkyries 499
Valley of the Kings
death and burial practices
314
sacred sites 900
vallus 43
Vandals 418
vanilla 482
Vanir 851–852
Varro 971
Varus, Publius Quintilius
114 4
vaults
building techniques and
materials 161
death and burial practices
323
Ve d a s
literature 650
music and musical instru-
ments 767
Ve d i c Pe r i o d
architecture 68–69
calendars and clocks 168
economy 355, 358
empires and dynasties
401
gender structures and
roles 498
language 613
laws and legal codes 625
money and coinage
756–757
religion and cosmology
846–847
science 932, 935
settlement patterns 968
social organization 1023vegetables
agriculture 30, 42
food and diet 474–476,
479, 482
hunting, fi shing, and gath-
ering 580
vegetarianism 480–481
veils
adornment 7
clothing and footwear 272,
276, 277
venatio 580–581
vendors 1099
Venerable Bede 852
Ve n e t i p e o p l e
seafaring and navigation
957
ships and shipbuilding
980
Ventris, Michael 183
Venus de Milo 113
Venus of Willendorf 106
Ve rc i n g e t o r i x
empires and dynasties
407–408
social organization 1029
war and conquest 1143
Verres, Gaius 917
Vespasian (emperor of Rome)
economy 367, 368, 370
government organization
533–534
religion and cosmology
861
vestal virgins
children 197
clothing and footwear 282
crime and punishment
304
vests 277
Vesuvius 262
Vesuvius, Mount 775, 781
Via Appia. See Appian Way
Via Latina 890
Via Salaria 890
vibhitaka 1052
“Victory of Ramses II over
the Khita, Th e” (Pen-ta-ur)
1156 –1158
vicuña. See alpacas
Vietnam
empires and dynasties 405
foreigners and barbarians
486–487
government organization
523
household goods 565
language 615
literature 652
military 731
ships and shipbuilding
979
vigesimal system
calendars and clocks 173
science 948
vihara 68–691235-1286_SocCultAnctWrld-v4_idx1283 1283 10/10/07 3:32:28 PM