Encyclopedia of Society and Culture in the Ancient World

xiii

VOLUME I

Glass kohl tube in the form of a palm

column, from Egypt 5

Gold lion, used as a fabric ornament and

found at Persepolis, Persia (modern-

day Iran) 7

Jade ornament of four discs carved from

a single jade pebble, from China 8

Toiletry implements from Roman Britain 10

Greek marble head, showing headdress

of snail-shell curls 11

Gold coin of the Roman emperor

Marcus Aurelius, set in a gold ring 12

Jade pectoral of the Olmec culture

(Mexico), showing large holes in

the earlobes, where earplugs would

be placed 13

View of rice fi elds in the Malagasy Republic

of southern Africa 17

Wooden model of a man plowing with

oxen, from Egypt 21

Cuneiform tablet recording barley rations

given to workers and their families at

the temple of the goddess Bau, from

Tello (ancient Girsu), southern Iraq 25

Ritual spear blade from Japan 31

Iron Age farming tools, from Stantonbury

Hill, Somerset, England 35

Marble statue of the Greek goddess of

fertility, Demeter 37

Section of the facade of a Roman aisled,

barnlike building on a villa estate

in the parish of Meonstoke,

Hampshire, England 44

Facade of the Great Temple of Abu

Simbel, Egypt 59

Th e ruins of Persepolis (in modern-day

Iran), the seat of the Achaemenian

Empire of Darius I 63

Panoramic view of West Lake in Lin’an

(modern Hangzhou), China 66

Th e theater at Epidaurus, Greece 76

Engraving of the Roman Colosseum by

Antoine Lafréry 80

Petroglyph of animals and people at

Tassili, Algeria, in North Africa 90

Banquet scene, fragment of wall

painting from the tomb of Nebamun,

Th ebes, Egypt 95

Human-headed winged bull from the

palace of King Sargon II at the

Assyrian capital Dur-Sharrukin

(modern-day Khorsabad, Iraq) 99

Schist head of the fasting Buddha, from

Rawalpindi District, Gandhara,

Pakistan 101

List of Illustrations