Encyclopedia of Society and Culture in the Ancient World

FURTHER READING
Bob Brier, Ancient Egyptian Mummies: Unraveling the Secrets of an
Ancient Art (New York: William Morrow, 1994).
Aidan Cockburn and Eve Cockburn, eds., Mummies, Disease, and
Ancient Cultures (Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University
Press, 1980).
Audrey Cruse, Roman Medicine (Stroud, U.K.: Tempus, 2004).
Rosalie David and Rick Archbold, Conversations with Mummies
(New York: William Morrow, 2000).
Paul Ghalioungui, Th e Physicians of Pharaonic Egypt (Mainz, Ger-
many: Zabern, 1983).
Rebecca Green, ed., History of Medicine (New York: Haworth Press,
1988).
Ralph Jackson, Doctors and Diseases in the Roman Empire (Nor-
man: University of Oklahoma Press, 1988).
Helen King, Greek and Roman Medicine (Bristol. U.K.: Duckworth,
2001).
Charles Leslie, ed., Asian Medical Systems: A Comparative Study
(Delhi, India: Motilal Banarsidass Publishers, 1998).
G. E. R Lloyd, In the Grip of Disease: Studies in the Greek Imagina-
tion (New York: Oxford University Press, 2003).
James Longrigg, Greek Medicine: From the Heroic to the Hellenistic
Age (New York: Routledge, 1998).
Guido Majno, Th e Healing Hand: Man and Wound in the Ancient
Worl d, rpt. ed. (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press,
1991).
Jyotir Mitra, History of Indian Medicine from Pre-Mauryan to
Kusan ̄a Period (Varanasi, India: Jyotira ̄lok Prakashan, 1974).
John F. Nunn, Ancient Egyptian Medicine (Norman: University of
Oklahoma Press, 1996).

Vivian Nutton, Ancient Medicine (London and New York: Rout-

ledge, 2004).

Priya Vrat Sharma, Indian Medicine in the Classical Age (Varanasi,

India: Chowkhamba Sanskrit Series Offi ce, 1972).

▶ household goods

introduction

Th e household goods of ancient peoples were in general

made of nondurable materials, so few of these goods, other

than those made of metal and, to a lesser extent, clay pot-

tery, survive. Archaeologists know about the kinds of house-

hold goods found in typical homes primarily from surviving

paintings and mosaics that depict these goods as well as from

surviving household goods placed in the tombs of royalty

and prominent people. In some cases, written descriptions of

household goods survive.

Nothing is mysterious or unpredictable about the house-

hold goods of ancient people, for no matter where or when

they lived, they had roughly the same needs that modern

people do. People needed to rest, so they had beds and chairs.

To keep warm, they used blankets woven from local fi bers

or comforters stuff ed with down, and in colder climates they

had tools for tending a fi re. Th ey needed to eat, so they had

a table for dining as well as plates, bowls, and cups—but not

always utensils like forks and spoons—for food. Th ey needed

the seasons, and other things proportionately in the

same manner.

SECTION IV.

37. Cold sweats in acute fevers signify death, but in
    more mild diseases they mean the continuance of the
    fever.


38. In what part of the body the sweat is there is the
    disease.


39. And in what part of the body there is unusual heat
    or cold there the disease is seated.

SECTION VII.

65. Th e same meat administered to a person sick of a
    fever as to one in health will strengthen the healthy one
    but will increase the malady of the sick one.

SECTION VIII.

6. Where medicines will not cure incision must be made;
   if incisions fail, we must resort to cauterizing; but if
   that will not do we may judge the malady incurable.


7. Th e fi nishing stroke of death is when the vital heat
   ascends above the diaphragm and all the moisture is
   dried up. But when the lungs and heart have lost their
   moisture, the heat being all collected together in the
   most mortal places, the vital fi re by which the whole
   structure was built up and held together is suddenly
   exhaled. Th en the soul leaving this earthly building
   makes its exit partly through the fl esh and partly
   through the openings in the head, by which we live;...
   thus it surrenders up this cold earthly statue, together
   with the heat, blood, tissues, and fl esh.

From: Oliver J. Th atcher, ed., Th e Library

of Original Sources. Vol. 3, Th e Roman

World (Milwaukee, Wis.: University

Research Extension Co., 1907):

pp. 286–292.

(cont inues)

560 health and disease: further reading